Table 1.

DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for schizophrenia

Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
A. Two or more of the following symptoms present for one month:
1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech.
4. Grossly disorganized behavior or catatonic behavior.
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., affective flattening, alogia, avolition).
B. Decline in social and/or occupational functioning since the onset of the illness.
C. Continuous signs of illness for at least six months with at least one month of active symptoms.
Criteria for Subtypes of Schizophrenia
A. Paranoid type schizophrenia
1. Characterized by a preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations.
2. Paranoid type schizophrenia is characterized by the absence of prominent disorganization of speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect.
B. Disorganized type schizophrenia
1. Prominent disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect.
C. Catatonic type schizophrenia is characterized by at least two of the following:
1. Motoric Immobility.
2. Excessive motor activity.
3. Extreme negativism or mutism.
4. Peculiar voluntary movements such as bizarre posturing.
5. Echolalia or echopraxia.
D. Undifferentiated type schizophrenia
1. Meets criteria for schizophrenia, but it cannot be characterized as paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type.
E. Residual type schizophrenia
1. Characterized by the absence of prominent delusions, disorganized speech and grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior and continued negative symptoms or two or more attenuated positive symptoms.