Table 1.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with White Matter Lesions (WMLs)

Gene	Polymorphism	P/OR	n	Sample	Association	Reference
Apolipoprotein E (APOE)
	APOE E4	P < 0.03	396	Populationa	CVDb	[88]
	APOE E4	P < 0.005	92	Population	Depressionb	[89]
	APOE E4	P= 0.016	971	Population	Hypertensionb	[81]
	APOE E2/E3	OR = 3.0; P= 0.01	280	Population	Positivec	[92]
	APOE E4	NS	93/583	CI/Control	None	[116]d
	APOE E4	NS	55/66	AD/Control	None	[91]
	APOE genotype	NS	215/20	Dementiae/Control	None	[90]
Angiotensinogen (AGT)
	AGT Promoter‐20:c	P= 0.017	410	Population	Positive	[104]
	AGT M235T	P < 0.001	267	Population	Positive	[104]
	AGT M235T	P= 0.008	>1000	Population	Positive	[103]
Angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1)
	AGTR1 A1166C	P < 0.005	134	Population	Positive	[110]d
	AGTR1 A1166C	P < 0.05	93	Hypertensive	Negativec	[107]
	AGTR1 A1166C	NS	129/27	Ischemic stroke/Population	None	[111]d
	AGTR1 A1166C	NS	510	Acute BI	None	[112]
Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)
	ACE D/D genotype	P < 0.05	182	Dementia	Positive	[114]
	ACE D allele	OR = 2.95; P < 0.01	129/27	Ischemic stroke/Population	Positive	[111]d
	ACE D/D genotype	P < 0.0005	229	LA combined with infarcts	Positive	[115]
	ACE D/D genotype	OR = 4.44; P= 0.022	60	Hypertensive	Positive	[106]
	ACE D allele	NS	134	Population	None	[110]d
	ACE D allele	NS	93	Hypertensive	None	[107]
Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)
	CYP11B2 TT genotype	OR = 4.61; P= 0.009	829	Population	Positive	[122]
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
	MTHFR A1298C	P= 0.001	68	PCSNL receiving MTX	Positive	[128]
	MTHFR C677T	P= 0.017	178/85	Depressed/Non‐depressed	Positive	[129]
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
	BDNF V66M	P= 0.044	199/113	Depressed/Non‐depressed	Positive	[132]
Paraoxonase (PON1)
	PON1 L55M LL genotype	OR = 2.65; P= 0.004	264	Population	Positive	[134]
	PON1 Q191R	OR = 6; P= 0.02	104/113	ONFH/Control	Positive	[140]
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3)
	NOS3 G894T	P < 0.05	93	Hypertensive	Positive	[107]
	NOS3 G894T	NS	300/600	SVD/Control	None	[144]

NS, not significant; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; CI, cerebral infarction; AD, Alzheimer's disease; BI, brain infarction; LA: leukoaraiosis; PCSNL, primary CNS lymphoma; MTX, methotrexate; ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head; SVD, small vessel disease.

^aPopulation: community sample.

^bAssociation observed only in interaction with stated medical conditions.

^cPositive association: the genotype mentioned or the mutant allele/amino acid is associated with more WMLs, Negative association: genotype mentioned or the mutant allele/amino acid is associated with less WMLs.

^dNon‐Caucasian population.

^eDementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD), non‐AD dementia or mixed neuropsychiatric disorder.