Table 1.
Overview of in vitro studies examining neurobiological effects of fluoxetine.
| Article | Cells/animals | Intervention | Duration of treatment/follow‐up | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. 1995 | Cultures of astrocytes of mice | Fluoxetine 10−7 to 10−4 M; serotonin 10−11 to 10−5 M | Acute to 1 week | Acute increase in glycogenolysis with both fluoxetine and serotonin; chronic no change glycogenolysis with fluoxetine and increase with serotonin |
| Deak et al. 2000 | Hippocampal pyramidal cells of rats | Fluoxetine 3 μM | Acute | Inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels |
| Haring et al. 1993 | 15 male rats | Five rats fluoxetine 35 mg/kg/day; five rats parachlorophenylalanine (5‐HT inhibitor); five rats placebo | 1 week | About 85% reduction in S100β with parachlorophenylalanine and 7% increase of S100β with fluoxetine |
| Kong et al. 2002 | Cultures of astrocytes of mice | Fluoxetine 10 μM | Short‐term (1 week) long‐term (2–3 weeks) | Short‐term decrease glycogenolysis, long‐term increase glycogenolysis |
| Manev et al. 2001 | Rats, hippocampus | Fluoxetine 5 mg/kg/day | 21 days | Increase S100β |
| Mercier et al. 2004 | Cultures of astrocytes of rats | Fluoxetine 40 μM | 2 h | Increase BDNF lasting for several days |
| Nahon et al. 2005 | Mitochondria from rat liver | Fluoxetine 10, 20, and 50 μM | Acute | Dose related decrease of the VDAC, inhibition of opening of the mitochondrial permeability pore, inhibition of the release of cytochrome c, and protection against staurosporine‐induced apoptotic cell death |
| Nibuya et al. 1996 | Rats, hippocampus | Fluoxetine 5 mg/kg/day | 21 days | Increased expression CREB mRNA and expression of BDNF |
| Pancrazio et al. 1998 | Bovine adrenal chromaffin cells | Fluoxetine 20 μM | Acute | Decrease of voltage gated Na+ current by 61% |
| Thome et al. 2000 | Transgenic mice with a CRE‐LacZ reporter gene construct | Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg/day | 14 days | Increase in CRE mediated gene expression and phophorylation of CREB in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdale and hypothalamus |
| Tiraboschi et al, 2004 | 12 male rats, hippocampus and whole frontal lobe | Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg/day | Acute (3 h), chronic (14 days) | Chronic treatment increased the phosphorylation of CREB |
| Zhang et al, 1993 | Cultures of astrocytes of mice | Fluoxetine 10 μM | 10 min | Increase glycogenolysis |
BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; VDAC, voltage‐dependent anion channel; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein.