| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Anderson 1982 | Allocation: publication does not specify if trial was randomised; authors contacted to confirm lack of additional data. |
| Bartels 1981 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Branchey 1979 | Allocation: no mention of randomisation; authors contacted twice, no reply. |
| Caroff 2001 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Casey 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case study. |
| Casey 1977 | Allocation: not randomised, ABAB design. |
| Casey 1979 | Allocation: not randomised, clinical trial. |
| Chien 1978 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: people with TD. Intervention: sodium valproate versus oxypertine versus deanol. Outcomes: unable to extract data from first cross‐over phase (TD improvement, AIMS, Leaving the study early); unable to identify up‐to‐date study author contact details. |
| Crane 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case series. |
| Curran 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case study. |
| Davis 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case study. |
| Davis 1976 | Allocation: not randomised, cohort study, AB(A). |
| Davis 1977 | Allocation: not randomised, AB design. |
| Davis 1978 | Allocation: not randomised, cohort study, AB. |
| De Silva 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case reports. |
| Domino 1985 | Allocation: randomised, cross‐over. Participants: people with TD (not all had mental illness). Intervention: phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) versus placebo. Outcomes: AIMS, Physician´s Global Impression of Patient´s Mental Illness, Nurse´s Global Impression of Patient´s Mental Illness, ESS and mouth movements frequency count, plasma and RBC choline concentration; unable to extract results from the first segment before cross‐over; author contacted to confirm lack of additional data. |
| Escobar 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case studies. |
| Fann 1974 | Allocation: not randomised, clinical trial. |
| Fann 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, cohort study. |
| Fann 1976 | Allocation: not randomised, case series. |
| Gelenberg 1979 | Allocation: not randomised, cohort study. |
| Gelenberg 1989 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: persistent TD (research criteria). Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder; bipolar disorder; major depression with psychotic features; attention deficit disorder and atypical psychosis. Interventions: CDP‐Choline versus placebo. Outcomes: no outcome data has been provided for the first period before cross‐over; author contacted ‐ no additional information received. |
| Granacher 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case series. |
| Growdon 1977 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Hanus 1993 | Allocation: not randomised, open clinical study. |
| Ingram 1983 | Allocation: not randomised, open clinical study. |
| Izumi 1986 | Allocation: not randomised, open‐study. |
| Joe 1985 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: people with chronic schizophrenia diagnosed by DSM III who had taken antipsychotic drugs for at least 3 months, abnormal involuntary body movement in at least one part of body (face, lip and perioral, jaw, tongue, upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk (neck, shoulder, hips)) rated at least 2 point, who has no other kind of neurological disease which may cause the abnormal involuntary movement. Interventions: Lecithin versus placebo. Outcomes: no outcome data provided for first period before cross‐over; author contacted ‐ no additional information received. |
| Jus 1978 | Allocation: randomised, cross‐over. Participants: people with TD. Interventions: deanol versus lithium carbonate versus placebo. Outcomes: AIMS, TD symptom rating scale, CGI, BPRS, NOSIE, vital signs, lab values; impossible to extract data from segment before cross‐over; authors contacted to confirm lack of additional data. |
| Klawans 1974 | Allocation: not randomised, case series. |
| Kumar 1976 | Allocation: not randomised, case study. |
| Laterre 1975 | Allocation: not randomised, case study. |
| Lieberman 1988 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: people with TD. Interventions: physostigmine vs bromocriptine vs benztropine vs haloperidol. Outcomes: no outcome data provided for first period before cross‐over; study author contacted ‐ no additional information received. |
| Lonowski 1979 | Allocation: not randomised, controlled clinical trial. |
| Marsalek 1994 | Allocation: not randomised, open‐trial. |
| Marsalek 1997 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: people with TD (17 schizophrenia, 5 schizoaffective disorder and 1 atypical psychosis). Interventions: 7‐methoxytacrine (7‐MEOTA) vs placebo. Outcomes: therapeutic efficacy and adverse events ‐ no usable data from this brief report; unable to identify up‐to‐date contact details of authors. |
| Mehta 1976 | Allocation: not randomised, case reports. |
| Moore 1980 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: people with TD. Interventions: methscopolamine i.m.+ physostigmine i.v. versus saline i.m. + benztropine i.v. all received deanol thereafter. |
| Nasrallah 1984 | Allocation: not randomised, cohort study, ABA. |
| Nasrallah 1986 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: schizophrenia, paranoid disorder, and schizoaffective disorder + persistent TD Interventions: AMPT vs L‐DOPA vs choline chloride vs valproic acid vs hydroxytryptophan. Outcomes: no outcome data provided for first period before cross‐over; author contacted ‐ no additional information received. |
| Noring 1984 | Allocation: not randomised, controlled single‐dose trial. |
| Penovich 1978 | Allocation: randomised, cross‐over. Participants: people with TD. Interventions: deanol versus placebo. Outcomes: locally developed TD severity scale; impossible to extract results from before cross‐over; author contacted to confirm lack of additional data. |
| Perez Cruet 1981 | Allocation: randomised, cross‐over. Participants: chronic psychiatric disorders; severe persistent TD of more than six months. Interventions: lecithin versus placebo. Outcomes: no outcome data reported for first treatment phase before cross‐over; authors contacted but no new information received. |
| Ray 1982 | Allocation: not randomised, case series. |
| Rektor 1988 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Simpson 1977 | Allocation: randomised. Participants: antipsychotic medication for some participants abruptly stopped 4 weeks before start of trial. |
| Tamminga 1977 | Allocation: not randomised, ABA design. |
| Volavka 1986 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Zapletalek 1989 | Allocation: not randomised, open‐study. |
Abbreviations: AIMS = Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale CGI = Clinical Global Impressions DSM IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition ESS = Emergent Symptom Scale (adverse effects) i.m. = intramuscular i.v. = intravenous NOSIE = Nurses´ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation RBC = Red blood cell TD = Tardive dyskinesia