Bettoni 2006.

Methods	Case series Duration: Mean 22.3 months
Participants	N = 14 enrolled Primary condition: Rheumatological disease Baseline pain score: Mean 9.5 (Measure of variance not reported)/10 VAS Time since onset: Not reported Mean age: 71.9 years; Range 62 to 85 years Female: 85.7% Previous opioid analgesia: Not reported
Interventions	Transdermal fentanyl Initial dose: 25 micrograms/hour Titrated to 82.5 micrograms/hour (range 50 to 100) at endpoint Supplemental analgesia: Allowed
Outcomes	Discontinuation due to adverse events Adverse events
Notes	Pain and quality of life reported in study but not used in this analysis because measure of variance or data to estimate it not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Comparability of patients at baseline and follow‐up (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	(No continuous outcomes included in analysis)
Selection method random or consecutive	Unclear risk	Not reported
Prospective	Low risk	Prospective
Free from confounding treatment(s)	High risk	Supplemental analgesia allowed
Patient compliance monitored and reported at at least 85%?	Unclear risk	Not reported
Attrition and right censoring less than 15% (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	(No continuous outcomes included in analysis)
Funding from a source without financial conflict of interest?	Unclear risk	Not reported