Collado 2008.

Methods	Case series Duration: 6 months
Participants	N = 215 enrolled Primary condition: Various, including arthrosis (n = 51), ischemic vascular disease (n = 42), postlaminectomy syndrome (n = 34), vertebral compression fracture (n = 22), trigeminal neuralgia (n = 21), disk herniation (n = 18), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 9), diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 8), scoliosis (n = 4), central pain (n = 4) Baseline pain score: Mean 9.86 (SD 0.35) / 10 VAS Time since onset: Not reported, at least 6 months to meet inclusion criteria Mean age: 57.61 years; Range 32 to 75 Female: 54% Previous opioid analgesia: Not reported
Interventions	Transdermal fentanyl Initial dose:12 ug/hour Titrated to: Mean not reported. 50 ug/h in 48% of patients, 75 ug/hr in 18%, 100 ug/hr in 5% Supplemental analgesia:Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (Actiq) prescribed for breakthrough pain
Outcomes	Discontinuation due to adverse events Adverse events Pain, continuous
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Comparability of patients at baseline and follow‐up (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Selection method random or consecutive	Unclear risk	Not reported
Prospective	Low risk	Prospective
Free from confounding treatment(s)	High risk	Supplemental analgesics permitted
Patient compliance monitored and reported at at least 85%?	Unclear risk	Not reported
Attrition and right censoring less than 15% (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Funding from a source without financial conflict of interest?	Unclear risk	Not reported