Hassenbusch 1995.

Methods	Case series Duration: Up to 60 months, mean duration 28.8 months
Participants	N = 18 enrolled Primary condition: Neuropathic pain, including arachnoiditis (n = 9), chronic neuropathy (n = 3), traumatic intercostal neuralgia (n = 2), phantom pain (n = 1), lumbrosacral plexopathy (n = 1), spinal cord injury (n = 1), reflex sympathetic dystrophy (n = 1) Baseline pain score: Mean 8.5 (SD 0.92)/10 NRS Time since onset: Not reported Mean age: 46.6 years (range 40 to 77 years) Female: Percentage not reported Previous opioid analgesia: 15/18 took narcotics, including percocet (n = 6), Darvocet (n = 3), Dilaudid (n = 2), Vicodin (n = 2), morphine (n = 1), Tylox (n = 1)
Interventions	Intrathecal morphine Initial dose: Mean 0.49 (SD 0.24) mg/hour (n = 8) Titrated up mean 1.11 (SD 0.61) mg/hour (n = 7) Or, intrathecal sufentanil citrate Initial dose: Mean 0.67 (SD 0.22) ug/hour (n = 10) Titrated up to mean 2.39 (SD 0.95) ug/hour (n = 11) Supplemental analgesia: At last follow‐up 12/18 still used some supplemental opioid analgesia, and 11/18 used nonopioid medications
Outcomes	Discontinuation due to adverse events Adverse events Discontinuation due to insufficient pain relief Pain, continuous and proportion with at least 50% pain relief
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Comparability of patients at baseline and follow‐up (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Selection method random or consecutive	Low risk	Consecutive
Prospective	Low risk	Prospective
Free from confounding treatment(s)	High risk	Supplemental opioid and nonopioid analgesics allowed
Patient compliance monitored and reported at at least 85%?	Low risk	Pump administration
Attrition and right censoring less than 15% (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Funding from a source without financial conflict of interest?	Unclear risk	Not reported