Mironer 2001.

Methods	Case series Duration: 6 months
Participants	N=24 enrolled Primary condition: Failed back surgery syndrome Baseline pain score: Mean 8.5 (SD 1.1)/10 VAS Time since onset: NR Mean age: 51.4 years (Range 39 to 70 years) Female: 62.5% Previous opioid analgesics: All patients had previous intrathecal therapy with morphine, and also morphine with bupivacaine (n = 20), hydromorphone (n = 21), morphine plus clonidine (n = 4), meperidine (n = 4), SNX‐111 (n = 3), or other (n = 5)
Interventions	Intrathecal methadone Initial dose: Mean 9.2 mg/day (range 1.5 to 18 mg/day) Titrated to mean 16.8 mg/day (range 5 to 36 mg/day) at endpoint Supplemental analgesia: Not reported
Outcomes	Adverse events Pain, continuous and proportion with at least 50% relief Quality of Life
Notes	Data on discontinuation not included in analysis because patients discontinued study opioid but continued treatment on another opioid, therefore not discontinuing from the study or opioids altogether
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Comparability of patients at baseline and follow‐up (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Selection method random or consecutive	Unclear risk	Not reported
Prospective	Low risk	Prospective
Free from confounding treatment(s)	Unclear risk	None reported
Patient compliance monitored and reported at at least 85%?	Low risk	Pump administration
Attrition and right censoring less than 15% (continuous data) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients followed up
Funding from a source without financial conflict of interest?	Unclear risk	Not reported, but since generic drugs were administered to patients who already had a pump it seems less likely