Lai 2004.

Methods	RCT.
Participants	101 participants with a diagnosis of dementia according to the DSM‐IV recruited from 2 nursing homes in Hong Kong. 66 of these were in groups that were included in the present review. The remainder were in a comparison group. Mean age: 85.7 years.
Interventions	Intervention 1: individual RT (specific reminiscence and life story). Control: no treatment. Intervention 2: social support (not included in this review).
Outcomes	Quality of life: WIB. Cognitive: MMSE (Cantonese Version). Communication: SES. Behavioural: Minimum Data Set ‐ Activities of Daily Living.
Length and frequency of intervention	1 × 30‐minute session per week for 6 weeks.
Time points measured	Assessments carried out immediately before and after the 6‐week treatment period, and at 6 weeks' follow‐up.
Number of participants who did not complete study	10/66 (15.15%) (from groups relevant to the current review).
Notes	Most participants were restrained either intermittently or continuously.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Paper stated that participants were randomly assigned to groups using fixed random allocation methods.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Raters and assessors blinded to participant allocation.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	ITT and per protocol analysis reported in study paper. Authors extracted data from the ITT analysis. Reasons for withdrawal included participants being wrongly included, ill health, death or participant feeling depressed during the sessions.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes listed in the methods section were reported and there was no evidence of selective outcome reporting.
Other bias	Low risk	n/a.
Availability of training and supervision Objective outcome measures	Low risk	Interventions delivered by professional staff with additional training. Mean number of hours of training provided to assessors was 25 (SD 3.6).
Availability of manual or protocol for intervention All outcomes	Low risk	The development, testing and refining of the intervention programme took place in 5 cycles. The contents of an LSB as proposed by Hellen 1998 were adopted.