Showkatbakhsh 2011.

Methods	Location: Tehran, Iran Number of centres: not specified Recruitment period: not stated Funding source: not stated Trial design: parallel group RCT
Participants	Inclusion criteria: ANB > 4°, SNB < 78°, overjet > 5 mm in the initial lateral cephalogram. No syndromic or medically compromised patients, no surgical intervention, no use of other appliances before or during the period of functional treatment, normal growth pattern of the mandible (MP‐SN), symmetric relationship between maxilla and mandible Exclusion criteria: not stated Age at baseline: R‐appliance mean age 10.4 (SD 0.8). Anterior Inclined Bite Plate (AIBP) 9 (SD 1.2) years Number randomised: 50 randomised, 50 started treatment Number evaluated: 50 at the end of functional phase (no dropouts) (unpublished data)
Interventions	Gp A (n = 25): R‐appliance Gp B (n = 25): Anterior Inclined Bite Plate (AIBP)
Outcomes	Skeletal growth changes; maxilla, mandible, skeletal relationship reported. Dental measurements were not reported
Notes	Duration of intervention: Gp A (R‐appliance): 11 (SD 2) months. Gp B: 9 (SD 1.2) months Sample size calculation: not specified
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Patients were randomly assigned to two groups using standardised random number table"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not specified
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Only skeletal measurements reported. No linear dental measurements reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected