Herabutya 1992.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Number of women randomised: 108 Setting: Bangkok, Thailand Inclusion criteria Certain dates Low risk GA at intervention: 42 completed weeks (immediately after) Exclusion criteria Women with Bishop scores of > 6 were judged to have a favourable cervix and were excluded from the study State of cervix: unfavourable cervix (Bishop score 6 or less)
Interventions	Induction group (n = 57): PGE2 intracervical, repeated after 6 hours, AROM and oxytocin on day 2 according to contractions versus Expectant management group (n = 51): a) NST between 42 and 43 completed weeks. 2) NST between 43 and 44 completed weeks; women underwent IOL if there were abnormalities in antepartum fetal testing as non‐reactive NST, or variable decelerations on NST or if Bishop score > 6 on reaching 44 completed weeks' gestation.
Outcomes	Mother: length of first stage of labour; mode of birth; cephalopelvic disproportion; fetal distress Baby: birthweight; meconium staining; Apgar score < 7 at 1 min; Apgar score < 7 at 5 min; intubation required; admission to special care baby unit; perinatal death
Notes	Funding: Ramathibodi Hospital Research Fund Grant 1988 Declaration of interests: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of sequence generation was not reported.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of allocation concealment was not reported.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding was not feasible.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinded outcome assessment was not mentioned.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No apparent losses to follow‐up or exclusions.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No outcomes were pre‐specified in the methods; no access to trial protocol to further assess selective reporting.
Other bias	Low risk	Appears to be free of other bias.