Table 2.

Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Symptom Indicators

Alcohol Use Disorder Criterion (N = 546)	Measure	Base Rate	1PL Unstandardized Difficulty Estimate	Rank	Standardized Alpha (Unstandardi zed Alpha)
Tolerance
Did you ever find that you could drink a lot more before you got drunk?	SSAGA-IV	21.52%	0.91	1
Did you ever find that you could drink a lot more before you passed out?	Authors	15.64%	1.15	2
Have you ever drank as much as a fifth of liquor in one day, that would be about 20 drinks, or 3 bottles of wine, or as much as 3 six packs of beer in a single day?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	8.89%	1.47	3
Mean		15.35%	1.18		0.73(0.73)
Hazardous Use
Have you ever been under the influence of alcohol in a situation where it increased your chances of getting hurt - e.g., when riding a bicycle, driving, operating machinery, or anything else?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5 Authors	14.87%	1.27	1
Have you ever been under the influence of alcohol and put yourself in a risky situation where it increased your chances of being victimized - e.g. being physically or sexually assaulted, or robbed?	Authors	7.81%	1.75	2
Driven a car when you knew you had too much to drink to drive safely?	AUDADIS-5	3.54%	2.25	3
Mean		8.74 %	1.76		0.64(0.64)
Quit/Cut Down
Have you thought that you should quit or cut down on your drinking, whether you tried to or not?	Authors	10.24%	1.56	1
Have you ever tried to stop or cut down on your drinking?	SSAGA-IV; AUDADIS-IV	7.42%	1.79	2
Have you tried to stop or cut down on drinking but were unsuccessful?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	2.59%	2.44	3
Mean		6.75%	1.93		0.71(0.71)
Time Spent
Did you ever have a period where you spent a lot of time drinking?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	28.94%	0.72	1
Did you have a period when you spent a lot of time being sick or getting over the bad after-effects of alcohol?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	21.30%	1.03	2
Has there ever been a period of several days or more when you spent so much time drinking or recovering from the effects of alcohol that you had little time for anything else?	SSAGA-IV; CIDI	12.43%	1.49	3
Mean		20.89%	1.08		0.60(0.58)
Social/Interpersonal
When drinking, have you said or done things in the presence of others that was regrettable or embarrassing?	Authors	28.65%	0.76	1
Have you ever been told that you become rude or obnoxious when drinking?	Authors MAST; SSAGA-	5.74%	2.15	2
Have you ever gotten into physical fights when drinking?	IV; AUDADIS- IV; AUDADIS-5	0.92%	3.29	3
Mean		11.77%	2.07		0.37(0.30)
Larger/Longer
Have you gone out drinking and ended up drinking more than you intended?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	38.93%	0.34	1
Have you gotten drunk when you didn’t mean to?	Authors	17.86%	1.12	2
After taking one or two drinks, have you been unable to stop?	ADS	13.65%	1.32	3
Mean		23.48%	0.93		0.59(0.58)
Craving
Have you ever had times when you thought about drinking or how good a drink would make you feel?	Authors	39.89%	0.30	1
Have you ever gotten impatient when you were ready to have a drink/felt like having a drink and you couldn’t (i.e., situational factors prevented you from drinking at that time)?	Authors	7.62%	1.66	2
Have you ever wanted a drink so badly that you couldn’t think of anything else?	AUDADIS-5; SSAGA-IV	2.60%	2.31	3
Mean		16.70%	1.42		0.55(0.40)
Give up
Have you ever felt that activities you used to enjoy without drinking alcohol are now only enjoyable if drinking alcohol is involved?	Authors	9.06%	1.52	1
Have you ever given up or cut down on activities that you were interested in or that gave your pleasure in order to drink?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	3.14%	2.14	2
Have you ever had a period of time when alcohol was such a focus that you didn’t even think about the things you usually enjoy doing?	Authors	1.85%	2.43	3
Mean		4.68%	2.03		0.65(0.54)
Failure to Fulfill
Was there ever a period when being hungover or sick from drinking interfered with your responsibilities at work, school, or at home?	CIDI	10.91%	1.31	1
Was there ever a period when your drinking or being intoxicated interfered with your responsibilities at work, school, or at home?	CIDI; SSAGA-IV; AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	5.38%	1.68	2
Have you ever gotten into trouble at work, home, or school because of being hungover or being sick from drinking?	Authors	3.34%	1.90	3
Mean		6.54%	1.63		0.59(0.58)
Physical/Psychological
Have you ever continued to drink when feeling overwhelmed or burnt out even though you knew drinking would make you feel worse?	Authors	7.61%	1.60	1
Have you ever continued to drink alcohol despite having a physical illness or psychological problem that gets worse with drinking?	CIDI	5.19%	1.81	2
Have you ever continued to drink when you knew you had a serious physical illness that might be made worse by drinking?	SSAGA-IV; CIDI	3.33%	2.02	3
Mean		5.38%	1.81		0.65(0.62)
Withdrawal
After drinking alcohol, did you EVER take a drink or use any drug or medicine, OTHER THAN aspirin, Advil or Tylenol, to GET OVER any bad after effects of drinking?	AUDADIS-IV; AUDADIS-5	11.38%	1.40	1
Were you unable to sleep?	SSAGA-IV	2.25%	2.27	2
Find yourself shaking (when the effects of alcohol were wearing off)?	AUDADIS-IV	1.12%	2.62	3
Mean		4.92%	2.10		0.54(0.32)

Note. 1PL = one-parameter logistic. Relative rank: 1 = low, 2= medium, and 3 = high severity. Larger/Longer = “Alcohol is taken in larger amounts or over longer periods than was intended;” Time Spent = “A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol, or recover from its effects;” Quit/Cut Down = “There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use;” Craving = “Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol;” Failure to Fulfill = “Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home;” Give Up = “Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of alcohol use;” Hazardous Use = “Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.” Physical/Psychological = “Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol.” Tolerance = “Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: (a) A need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect (b) A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol.” Withdrawal = “Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: (a) The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol, (b) Alcohol (or a closely related substance, such as benzodiazepine) is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.” Social/Interpersonal = “Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol.” AUDADIS-IV = Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (Grant, Dawson, & Hasin, 2001); AUDADIS-5 = Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (Grant et al., 2011); SSAGA-IV = Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism-IV (Reich, Herjanic, Welner,& Gandhy, 1982); CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview (Robins et al., 1989; Cottler, 2000); MAST = Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (Selzer, 1971); ADS = Alcohol Dependence Scale (Skinner & Allen, 1982); OCDS = Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (Kranzler, Mulgrew, Modesto-Lowe & Burleson, 1999); AUQ = Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (Bohn, Krahn, & Staehler, 1995); SADD = Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (Raistrick, Dunbar, & Davidson, 1983). Authors = created by authors.