Comparison 1. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy versus full strength or 1:5 diluted formocresol pulpotomy.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Clinical failure	14		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 6 months	13	1048	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.37 [0.07, 1.89]
1.2 12 months	12	740	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.31 [0.10, 0.93]
1.3 24 months	9	548	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.47 [0.18, 1.19]
2 Radiological failure	13		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 6 months	12	922	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.17, 0.86]
2.2 12 months	12	740	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.41 [0.19, 0.89]
2.3 24 months	9	548	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.42 [0.22, 0.80]
3 Overall failure	7		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 6 months	6	328	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.04, 1.32]
3.2 12 months	6	328	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.17, 1.36]
3.3 24 months	7	368	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.50 [0.25, 1.01]
4 Pain	7		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 6 months	6	390	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.91]
4.2 12 months	6	410	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.25 [0.03, 2.18]
4.3 24 months	4	290	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.14, 3.56]
5 Soft tissue pathology	8		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 6 months	7	410	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.91]
5.2 12 months	7	430	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.05, 1.01]
5.3 24 months	5	310	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.04, 3.10]
6 Pathological mobility	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 6 months	5	250	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.2 12 months	4	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.2 [0.01, 3.97]
6.3 24 months	3	150	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Pathological radiolucency	14		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 6 months	13	1010	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.27, 1.08]
7.2 12 months	11	652	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.43 [0.19, 0.98]
7.3 24 months	8	460	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.25, 1.22]
8 Pathological root resorption	12		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 6 months	11	866	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.47 [0.18, 1.21]
8.2 12 months	9	508	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.26 [0.07, 1.03]
8.3 24 months	6	338	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.25 [0.08, 0.81]
9 Pulp canal obliteration	9		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 6 months	9	712	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.52 [1.00, 2.30]
9.2 12 months	7	410	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.70 [0.81, 3.57]
9.3 24 months	6	338	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.05 [1.07, 3.94]
10 Dentin bridge formation	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 6 months	3	322	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	18.16 [3.63, 90.91]
10.2 12 months	2	70	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.0 [0.76, 47.22]
10.3 24 months	2	70	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.0 [0.76, 47.22]
11 Physiological root resorption	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 6 months	2	170	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.2 12 months	2	170	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.3 24 months	2	170	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.81]