Al‐Ostwani 2016.

Methods	RCT, parallel‐arm Teeth randomly assigned Conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at School of Dentistry, Damascus, Syria. Operators not mentioned
Participants	39 children, 64 teeth, mean age 8.2 years, age range 3 to 9 years
Interventions	Group 1:Pulpectomy (zinc oxide and propolis); n = 16 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access Pulp access with high speed Pulpotomy amputation with excavator Irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then distilled water the working length was determined by electronic apex locator, the root canals were prepared manually using K file up to size no. 30 root canals were dried with paper point (size 25) The hydrolytic propolis of ZOP paste was extracted from raw Propolis. ZOP paste was synthesised by mixing 50% zinc oxide powder with 50% hydrolytic propolis, to form radiopaque paste with appropriate viscosity for filling the root canal. Paste was inserted into the root canal using Lentulo spirals at low speed. a thin layer of the filling paste was put on the floor of pulp chamber, followed by glass‐ionomer cement then stainless steel crown Group 2:Pulpectomy (endoflas‐chlorophenol‐free); n = 16 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access Pulp access with high speed Pulpotomy amputation with excavator Irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then distilled water the working length was determined by electronic apex locator, the root canals were prepared manually using K file up to size no. 30 root canals were dried with paper point (size 25) The powder of Endoflas‐CF paste was synthesized by adding 56.5% zinc oxide, 40.6% iodoform, 1.63% barium sulphate and 1.07% calcium hydroxide, and mixed with eugenol without adding chlorophenol. Paste was inserted into the root canal using Lentulo spirals at low speed. A thin layer of the filling paste was put on the floor of pulp chamber, followed by glass‐ionomer cement then stainless steel crown Group 3:Pulpectomy (Metapex); n = 16 (2 visits) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access Pulp access with high speed Pulpotomy amputation with excavator Irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then distilled water The working length was determined by electronic apex locator, the root canals were prepared manually using K file up to size no. 30 Root canals were dried with paper point (size 25) Performed syringe with disposable plastic needles to inject the paste into the root canal; after inserting the tape of the needle near the apex, and the paste was gently pressed into the canal pulling the tape back slowly until the canal was filled. A thin layer of the filling paste was put on the floor of pulp chamber, followed by glass‐ionomer cement then stainless steel crown Group 4:Pulpectomy (ZOE); n = 16 (2 visits) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access Pulp access with high speed Pulpotomy amputation with excavator Irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then distilled water the working length was determined by electronic apex locator, the root canals were prepared manually using K file up to size no. 30 root canals were dried with paper point (size 25) Paste was inserted into the root canal using Lentulo spirals at low speed. a thin layer of the filling paste was put on the floor of pulp chamber, followed by glass‐ionomer cement then stainless steel crown
Outcomes	Clinical success (no abnormal mobility, pain, or sensitivity to percussion), radiographic success (decrease in the size of radiolucency and the presence of bone regeneration), at 6 and 12 months. Treatment failure was classified into two degrees as (a) the radiolucency slightly increased in size, but it was separated from succeeding bud with adequate bone and (b) the radiolucency threatening the succeeding buds, so the tooth was extracted.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of clinical outcomes assessment	Low risk	Quote: "The treated molars were evaluated double‐blindly by three observers"
Blinding of radiological outcomes assessment	Low risk	Quote: "The treated molars were evaluated double‐blindly by three observers"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement