Waterhouse 2000.

Methods	RCT, parallel‐arm Teeth randomly assigned Conducted in the paediatric dental clinic within the Dental Hospital, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK. Operator not mentioned
Participants	52 children, 84 teeth, mean age 5 years, age range 3.3 to 12.5 years
Interventions	Group 1:Pulpotomy (formocresol); n = 46 (1 visit) Rubber dam or cotton rolls Caries removal prior to pulpal access not mentioned Pulp access with high‐speed bur Pulpotomy amputation with slow‐speed bur and excavator For haemostasis, cotton pellet Irrigation with saline Cotton wool pellet soaked with FC placed on pulp stumps for 5 minutes after pulpotomy, followed by ZOE before being restored with glass‐ionomer cement or composite or amalgam, and stainless‐steel crown if indicated Group 2:Pulpotomy (calcium hydroxide); n = 38 (1 visit) Rubber dam or cotton rolls Caries removal prior to pulpal access not mentioned Pulp access with high‐speed bur Pulpotomy amputation with slow‐speed bur and excavator For haemostasis, cotton pellet Irrigation with saline CH applied after pulpotomy, followed by ZOE before being restored with glass‐ionomer cement or composite or amalgam, and stainless‐steel crown if indicated
Outcomes	Clinical failure (symptoms from the treated tooth reported by the child or parent, spontaneous pain, pain initiated by stimuli, signs of defective restoration or recurrent caries, signs of mobility, sinus formation, tenderness to percussion, soft tissues swelling, signs of exfoliation, mobility or signs/symptoms of the successor tooth erupting), tenderness to percussion, swelling, pathological mobility, sinus tract, secondary caries, defective restoration: evaluation at 6 and 12 months (at tooth level) Radiographic success (defective restoration or recurrent caries, periradicular pathology such as periapical or furcal radiolucency, pathological internal resorption, replacement resorption, intracanal calcifications, physiological root resorption, position and eruption pathway of the permanent successor tooth), periradicular radiolucency, furcal radiolucency, periapical radiolucency, internal resorption, pulp canal obliteration, physiological root resorption, recurrent caries: evaluation at 12 months (at tooth level)
Notes	5 teeth lost to follow‐up Clinical follow‐up: 22.5 months (range 6.1 to 38.5) Radiographic follow‐up: 18.9 months (range 1.3 to 36.9) Source of funding: "This study was supported by The Shirley Glasstone‐Hughes Memorial prize awarded to the authors by the British Dental Association, in September 1993"
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Coin toss
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of clinical outcomes assessment	Low risk	Quote: "Objectivity was maximized during clinical assessment, by not having direct access to records detailing which pulp therapy agent was used"
Blinding of radiological outcomes assessment	Low risk	Quote: "Objectivity was maximized during radiographic assessment, by not having direct access to records detailing which pulp therapy agent was used"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement