Yildirim 2016.

Methods	RCT, parallel‐arm Teeth randomly assigned Conducted in the Gülhane Military Medical Academy (GMMA) Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. One operator (investigator).
Participants	65 children, 140 teeth, age range 5 to 9 years
Interventions	Group 1:Pulpotomy (formocresol); n = 35 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access (no detail) Pulp access (no detail) Pulpotomy amputation with excavator For haemostasis, sterile cotton pellet soaked in sterile saline Irrigation with water Cotton wool pellet soaked with FC placed on pulp stumps for 3‐4 minutes after pulpotomy, followed by ZOE before being restored with glass‐ionomer cement and stainless‐steel crown Group 2:Pulpotomy (MTA); n = 35 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access (no detail) Pulp access (no detail) Pulpotomy amputation with excavator For haemostasis, sterile cotton pellet soaked in sterile saline Irrigation with water MTA 3:1, followed by glass‐ionomer cement and stainless‐steel crown Group 3:Pulpotomy (Portland cement); n = 35 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access (no detail) Pulp access (no detail) Pulpotomy amputation with excavator For haemostasis, sterile cotton pellet soaked in sterile saline Irrigation with water PC sterilised with ethylene oxide prior to use, 0.16 g of the cement mixed with distilled water until a homogeneous pat, followed by ZOE before being restored with glass‐ionomer cement and stainless‐steel crown Group 4:Pulpotomy (EMD); n = 35 (1 visit) Rubber dam Caries removal prior to pulpal access (no detail) Pulp access (no detail) Pulpotomy amputation with excavator For haemostasis, sterile cotton pellet soaked in sterile saline Irrigation with water 0.7 mL EMD injected to fill the pulp tissue, followed by ZOE before being restored with glass‐ionomer cement and stainless‐steel crown
Outcomes	Clinical failure (spontaneous pain, swelling, fistula), radiological failure (radiolucency of the periapical or furcation, and pathological external root resorption), overall success, pulp canal obliteration, internal root resorption, marginal adaptation of the crown, crushing or deformities of the crown, changes in occlusion: evaluation at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of clinical outcomes assessment	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Blinding of radiological outcomes assessment	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Proportion of missing outcomes < 10% children randomly assigned
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to make a clear judgement