Hurley 2007

Methods	3‐armed cluster‐randomised controlled trial.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: aged ≥ 50 years; mild, moderate or severe knee pain of > 6 months' duration. Exclusion criteria: lower limb arthroplasty, physiotherapy for knee pain in the preceding 12 months, intra‐articular injections in the preceding 6 months, unstable medical conditions, inability/unwillingness to exercise, wheelchair dependence and inability to understand English. Participants were not excluded if they used assistive walking devices; had stable comorbidities common in this age group (e.g. type II diabetes, cardiovascular or respiratory disorders); or had back, lower limb pain or upper limb pain. Country: UK. Sample number: IGa: 132 (108 with no missing data points); IGb: 146 (121 with no missing data points); CG: 140 (113 with no missing data points). Mean age: IGa: 66 years; IGb 68 years; CG 67 years. Progress Plus: women:men: IGa 94:38; IGb: 104:42; CG 96:44.
Interventions	Provider(s): physiotherapists. Training: yes. Setting: clinical setting, hospital. Intervention content: intervention: combined discussion on specific topics regarding self‐management and coping, etc., with a progressive exercise regimen delivered to IGa (small groups of participants) and IGb (individual participants). Length/intensity: twice weekly for 6 weeks. Control: usual primary care.
Outcomes	At 24 weeks: pain (WOMAC); function (WOMAC); self‐efficacy (ExBeliefs self‐efficacy); depression (HADS); anxiety (HADS).
Notes	There are 2 Hurley 2007 lines in some analyses: first indicated IGa and second indicated IGb.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Primary care practices randomly allocated in blocks of 3. 2 centres were randomly assigned as intervention sites (usual primary care and individual rehabilitation or group rehabilitation) and 1 clinic assigned as control site.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Central allocation.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and providers not blinded to allocation groups.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome assessors blinded to a participant's allocation. Success of blinding evaluated by asking assessors to identify each participant's allocation at each assessment.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition: CG: 27/140 (9%); IGa: 24/132 (18%); IGb: 25/146 (17%). Reasons reported. ITT analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected.