Keefe 2004

Methods	3‐armed randomised controlled trial.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: married adults with persistent knee pain due to OA and who were diagnosed as having OA of the knees and their respective spouses. Exclusion criteria: comorbid medical conditions that could affect health status over course of trial, abnormal cardiac response to exercise or other known organic disease that would contraindicate safe participation in the study. Country: US. Sample number: IGa: 20; IGb: 16; CG: 18. Mean age: 59 years. Progress Plus: 50% women.
Interventions	Provider(s): exercise physiologist and psychologist. Training: yes. Setting: not stated. Intervention content: IGa: spouse‐assisted coping skills training + exercise training (strength/resistance + aerobic) + patient information; IGb: exercise training (strength/resistance + aerobic) + patient information. Length/intensity: 3 × 60‐minute sessions a week for 12 weeks total 50 hours. Control: usual treatment/care with assignment.
Outcomes	At 12 weeks: pain (AIMS); self‐efficacy (Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale).
Notes	There are 2 Keefe 2004 lines in some analyses: first indicated IGa and second indicated IGb.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Limited information.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	No information given.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No information given.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No information given.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition: IGa: 5% (1/20); IGb: 0% (0/16); CG: 11% (2/18). Reasons for lost to follow‐up not reported. ITT analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Selective outcome not apparent.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected.