No of studies	Design	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other	Certainty (overall score)
Outcome 1: Mortality of children ≤ 1 year in past year
1	Cluster RCT	Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious risk of bias. Baseline participant characteristics are not reported.	No serious risk	No serious risk	Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious imprecision. The study reported Treatment of the Treated (ToT) estimates. Actual numbers for numerator and denominator not provided.	No serious risk	Lowa, b Downgraded by 2 because of serious RoB and Imprecision
Outcome 2: Child diarrhoea
1	Cluster RCT	Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious risk of bias. Baseline participant characteristics are not reported.	No serious risk	No serious risk	Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious imprecision. The study reported Treatment of the Treated (ToT) estimates. Actual numbers for numerator and denominator not provided.	No serious risk	Lowa, b Downgraded by 2 because of serious RoB and Imprecision
Outcome 3: Child immunisation
2	Cluster RCT Controlled Before‐After	Bloom 2006:Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious risk of bias. Baseline participant characteristics are not reported. Cristia 2015: Serious (‐1) Downgraded by 1 for serious risk of bias. The study is at a high risk of Other bias because the estimates of the effects correspond with a strengthened model of the intervention compared to the initial model.	No serious risk	No serious risk	Bloom 2006: No serious risk (95% CI ‐10.0%; 25.2%) calculating width: 10.0%+25.2% = the width = 35.2% = not imprecise Cristia 2015: No serious risk Measles (95% CI ‐9.4%; 102.4% ) calculating width: 9.4%+102.4%= the width = 111.8% = not imprecise DPT (95% CI ‐46.3%; 43.5%) calculating width: 46.3%+43.5% = the width = 89.8% = not imprecise Polio (95% CI ‐54.8% to 39.6%) calculating width: 54.8%+39.6% = the width = 94.4%= not imprecise	No serious risk	Moderatec Downgraded by 1 because of serious RoB