7.3. Analysis.
Comparison 7 Non‐comparative studies: proportion of participants with non‐serious adverse events, Outcome 3 Cardiovascular and respiratory system.
| Cardiovascular and respiratory system | ||
|---|---|---|
| Study | Symptom | Adverse events/total number of participants |
| Cough | ||
| Arnold 2004 | Cough increased | 7/76 |
| Arnold 2010 | Cough | 5/150 |
| Findling 2009 | Cough | 38/157 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Cough increased | 2/25 |
| Pierce 2010 | Cough | 2/71 |
| Sangal 2006 | Cough | 7/79 |
| Wang 2007 | Cough | 10/166 |
| Pharyngolaryngeal pain | ||
| Arnold 2010 | Pharyngolaryngeal pain | 5/150 |
| Findling 2009 | Pharyngolaryngeal pain | 19/326 |
| Pierce 2010 | Pharyngolaryngeal pain | 3/71 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | ||
| Findling 2009 | Upper respiratory tract infection | 40/157 |
| Pierce 2010 | Upper respiratory tract infection | 2/71 |
| Wang 2007 | Upper respiratory tract infection | 11/166 |
| Wigal 2015 | Upper respiratory tract infection | 13/200 |
| Wiguna 2012 | Upper respiratory tract infection | 5/20 |
| Tachycardia | ||
| Blader 2010 | Heart races | 2/65 |
| Cortese 2015 | Tachycardia | 24/1426 |
| Findling 2009 | Tachycardia | 3/326 |
| Jafarinia 2012 | Tachycardia | 1/20 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Tachycardia | 2/25 |
| Su 2015 | Tachycardia | 8/239 |
| Abnormal ECG | ||
| Findling 2009 | Abnormal ECG | 1/326 |
| Findling 2010 | Abnormal ECG | 30/162 |
| Nasal congestion | ||
| Findling 2009 | Nasal congestion | 18/157 |
| Maayan 2009 | Nasal congestion | 1/11 |
| Sangal 2006 | Nasal congestion | 10/79 |
| Palpitation | ||
| Mohammadi 2004 | Palpation | 3/11 |
| Na 2013 | Palpitations | 8/103 |
| Shang 2015 | Palpation | 1/66 |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||
| Cho 2012 | No difference | Non‐significant increase following methylphenidate |
| Döpfner 2011b | No difference | ‐ |
| Findling 2009 | Increased | The proportion of participants with a systolic blood pressure above the upper limit of normal (> 123 mmHg) ranged from 1% to 10%, whereas 1.5% had an above normal systolic blood pressure at baseline |
| Gadow 1995 | Increased | ‐ |
| Germinario 2013 | No difference | 100.6 mmHg (SD = 12.3) |
| Gerwe 2009 | No difference | Mean change from baseline: 0.1 mmHg (SD = 10.8) |
| Hazell 2003 | Decreased | Drop in systolic blood pressure in 8/10 participants |
| Kim 2010 | Decreased | 113.8 mmHg (SD = 10.2) |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Increased | 102.2 mmHg (SD = 9.89) |
| Lamberti 2015 | Increased | 105.4 mmHg (SD = 10.3) |
| Maayan 2009 | No difference | 96.2 mmHg (SD = 14.0) |
| McCracken 2016 | Increased | ‐ |
| Na 2013 | Increased | ‐ |
| Song 2012 | Increased | 105.3 mmHg (SD = 12.6) |
| Wilens 2005 | Increased | 104.7 mmHg (SD = 8.10) |
| Winsberg 1982 | Increased | 103.1 mmHg (SD = no information) |
| Yildiz 2011 | Decreased | 97 mmHg (SD = 10.8) |
| Zheng 2011 | No difference | 96.6 mmHg (SD = 10.6) |
| Zheng 2015 | No difference | No changes |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||
| Cho 2012 | No difference | Non‐significant, marginal increase after methylphenidate |
| Döpfner 2011b | Increased | 69 mmHg (SD = 1.00) |
| Findling 2009 | Decreased | ‐ |
| Germinario 2013 | Decreased | 63.2 mmHg (SD = 10.9) |
| Gerwe 2009 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hazell 2003 | Decreased | Drop in diastolic blood pressure in 9/10 participants |
| Kim 2010 | Decreased | 75.2 mmHg (SD = 12.0) |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Increased | 63.5 mmHg (SD = 7.90) |
| Lamberti 2015 | Increased | 59.2 mmHg (SD = 7.10) |
| Maayan 2009 | No difference | 61.4 mmHg (SD = 13.7) |
| McCracken 2016 | Increased | ‐ |
| Na 2013 | Increased | ‐ |
| Song 2012 | Increased | 66.9 mmHg (SD = 10.1) |
| Yildiz 2011 | Decreased | 63.5 mmHg (SD = 12.0) |
| Zheng 2011 | Increased | 64.6 mmHg (SD = 7.51) |
| Zheng 2015 | No change | ‐ |
| Pulse rate | ||
| Cho 2012 | Increased | ‐ |
| Döpfner 2011b | No difference | 79 beats/min (SD = 1.00) |
| Germinario 2013 | Decreased | 79.9 beats/min (SD = 12.9) |
| Ilgenli 2007 | No difference | 88 beats/min (SD = 13.80) |
| Kim 2010 | No difference | 87.5 beats/min (SD = 6.10) |
| Kim 2015a | Increased | 86.4 beats/min (SD = 11.2) |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Increased | 80.4 beats/min (SD = 9.70) |
| Lamberti 2015 | Increased | 80.5 beats/min (SD = 15.5) |
| Maayan 2009 | Decreased | 95.5 beats/min (SD = 16.0) |
| McCracken 2016 | Increased | ‐ |
| Na 2013 | Increased | 75.57 beats/min (SD = 7.33) |
| Yildiz 2011 | Increased | 80.8 beats/min (SD = 9.80) |
| Zheng 2011 | No difference | 82.5 beats/min (SD = 7.81) |
| Zheng 2015 | No difference | 82.5 beats/min (SD = 7.81) |
| Özcan 2004 | Decreased | 148.2 beats/min (SD = 29.70) |
| ECG‐QT | ||
| Cho 2012 | Non‐significant change in QT and QRS | ‐ |
| Germinario 2013 | ‐ | After 24 months, out of 77 patients treated with methylphenidate: 8 (10.4%) with altered ECG (electrocardiogram) at 24 months 11 (29.0%) with sinus bradycardia 12 (31.6%) with sinus tachycardia 6 (15.8%) with lengthened QTc |
| Ilgenli 2007 | Minimum QT of 317.00 (23.3) Maximum QT of 373.7 (21.8) |
After 2 hours: Minimum QT of 322.3 (21.6) Maximum QT of 361.8 (29.0) |
| Lamberti 2015 | QTc of 407.6 (12.4) | After 2 hours: QTc of 409.8 (12.0) |
| Cold fingers | ||
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Cold fingers | 13/71 |
| Sweating | ||
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Sweating | 6/71 |
| Hypertension | ||
| Cortese 2015 | Hypertension | 8/1426 |
| Hypotension | ||
| Cortese 2015 | Hypotension | 3/1426 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Haertling 2015 | Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders | 1/239 |
| Proportion of patients with micro‐nucleated (Mn) peripheral lymphocytes | ||
| Walitza 2009 | (MN‐Cells/1000 Cells mean) | Baseline: 4.90 (SD = 4.00) 6 months: 4.50 (SD = 3.50) |