7.4. Analysis.
Comparison 7 Non‐comparative studies: proportion of participants with non‐serious adverse events, Outcome 4 Gastrointestinal system.
| Gastrointestinal system | ||
|---|---|---|
| Study | Symptom | Adverse events/total number of participants |
| Abdominal pain | ||
| Abbasi 2011 | Abdominal pain | 8/20 |
| Akhondzadeh 2003 | Abdominal pain | 3/10 |
| Akhondzadeh 2004 | Abdominal pain | 4/20 |
| Amiri 2008 | Abdominal pain | 7/27 |
| Ardic 2014 | Stomach ache | 16/101 |
| Arnold 2004 | Abdominal pain | 15/89 |
| Arnold 2010 | Abdominal pain | 7/150 |
| Atzori 2009 | Stomach pain | 3/129 |
| Barrickman 1995 | Stomach ache | 1/15 |
| Berek 2011 | Abdominal pain | 12/762 |
| Blader 2010 | Abdominal pain | 6/65 |
| Chou 2012b | Abdominal pain | 12/230 |
| Cortese 2015 | Abdominal pain | 22/1426 |
| Davari‐Ashtiani 2010 | Abdominal pain | 1/16 |
| Dirksen 2002 | Stomach ache | 14/287 |
| Dittmann 2014 | Upper abdominal pain | 4/195 |
| Döpfner 2011a, OBSEER | Gastrointestinal pain | 9/777 |
| Döpfner 2011b | Gastrointestinal pain | 6/113 |
| Efron 1997 | Stomach aches | 40/123 |
| El‐Fiky 2014 | Stomach aches | 9/31 |
| Findling 2009 | Abdominal pain | 27/157 |
| Garg 2014 | Abdominal pain | 3/27 |
| Gau 2006 | Stomach aches | 8/32 |
| Gerwe 2009 | Abdominal pain | 10/306 |
| Golubchik 2011 | Abdominal pain | 1/9 |
| Grcevich 2001 | Stomach ache | 2/75 |
| Green 2011 | Stomach aches | 9/34 |
| Greenhill 1983 | Stomach aches | 4/7 |
| Gucuyener 2003 | Stomach ache | 14/119 |
| Haertling 2015 | Abdominal pain | 4/239 |
| Hammerness 2009 | Stomach ache | 2/57 |
| Hazell 2003 | Stomach pain | 6/10 |
| Işeri 2007 | Abdominal pain | 3/20 |
| Jafarinia 2012 | Abdominal pain | 6/20 |
| Kemner 2005 (FOCUS) | Abdominal pain | 33/850 |
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Abdominal pain | 9/71 |
| Kim 2010 | Abdominal pain | 1/27 |
| Kordon 2011 | Abdominal pain | 11/541 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Abdominal pain | 7/25 |
| Lee 2007 | Abdominal pain | 6/110 |
| Li 2011 | Abdominal pain | 12/34 |
| Lyon 2010 | Stomach discomfort | 2/10 |
| Maayan 2009 | Gastrointestinal pain | 2/8 |
| Maia 2008 | Stomach ache | 2/31 |
| McCracken 2016 | Abdominal pain | 28/61 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Abdominal pain | 0/11 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Abdominal pain | 8/19 |
| Mohammadi 2012a | Stomach ache | 5/23 |
| Mohammadi 2012b | Abdominal pain | 5/20 |
| Na 2013 | Stomach ache (abdominal pain) | 19/103 |
| Perera 2010 | Abdominal pain | 15/102 |
| Peyre 2012a | Abdominal pain | 7/121 |
| Pierce 2010 | Abdominal pain | 3/71 |
| Remschmidt 2005 | Abdominal pain | 3/89 |
| Sahin 2014 | Abdominal pain | 7/30 |
| Sangal 2006 | Abdominal pain | 4/79 |
| Schulz 2010 | Abdominal pain | 9/145 |
| Shang 2015 | Abdominal pain | 4/66 |
| Silva 2004 | Stomach ache | 3/22 |
| Song 2012 | Abdominal pain | 20/116 |
| Steele 2006 | Abdominal pain | 10/72 |
| Su 2015 | Abdominal pain | 10/205 |
| Tasdelen 2015 | Abdominal pain | 4/17 |
| Thorell 2009 | Stomach aches | 2/79 |
| Valdizán Usón 2004 | Abdominal pain | 1/155 |
| Wang 2007 | Abdominal pain | 15/166 |
| Warshaw 2010 | Abdominal pain | 9/260 |
| Weiss 2007 | Abdominal pain | 5/79 |
| Wigal 2013 | Abdominal pain | 17/39 |
| Wigal 2015 | Abdominal pain | 29/200 |
| Wilens 2005 | Abdominal pain | 45/229 |
| Wilens 2006 | Abdominal pain | 9/220 |
| Wilens 2008 | Abdominal pain | 15/127 |
| Yildiz 2010 | Stomach ache | 6/47 |
| Yildiz 2011 | Abdominal pain | 3/11 |
| Zarinara 2010 | Abdominal pain | 3/18 |
| Zelnik 2015 | Abdominal pain | 36/128 |
| Zheng 2011 | Stomach ache | 140/1154 |
| Çetin 2015 | Stomach ache | 3/61 |
| Constipation | ||
| Ardic 2014 | Constipation | 10/101 |
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Constipation | 4/71 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Constipation | 2/11 |
| Shang 2015 | Constipation | 1/66 |
| Decreased appetite | ||
| Abbas 2006 | Loss of appetite | 2/90 |
| Abbasi 2011 | Loss of appetite | 12/20 |
| Akhondzadeh 2003 | Decreased appetite | 5/10 |
| Akhondzadeh 2004 | Decreased appetite | 8/20 |
| Altin 2013 | Decreased appetite | 27/221 |
| Amiri 2008 | Decreased appetite | 26/27 |
| Ardic 2014 | Decreased appetite | 47/101 |
| Arnold 2010 | Loss of appetite | 11/150 |
| Atzori 2009 | Decreased appetite | 27/129 |
| Blader 2010 | Decreased appetite | 13/65 |
| Chazan 2011 | Decreased appetite | 118/205 |
| Chou 2012b | Decreased appetite | 95/230 |
| Cortese 2015 | Decreased appetite | 213/1426 |
| Coşkun 2010 | Decreased appetite | 3/7 |
| Davari‐Ashtiani 2010 | Loss of appetite | 11/16 |
| Dirksen 2002 | Decreased appetite | 8/287 |
| Dittmann 2014 | Lack of appetite | 5/195 |
| Döpfner 2011a, OBSEER | Decreased appetite | 8/777 |
| Döpfner 2011b | Decreased appetite | 3/113 |
| Efron 1997 | Poor appetite | 69/123 |
| El‐Fiky 2014 | Decreased appetite | 12/31 |
| Famularo 1987 | Decreased appetite | 1/10 |
| Findling 2009 | Loss of appetite | 81/157 |
| Garg 2014 | Decreased appetite | 14/27 |
| Gau 2006 | Decreased appetite | 19/32 |
| Gau 2008 | Loss of appetite | 128/607 |
| Germinario 2013 | Decreased appetite | 5/9 |
| Gerwe 2009 | Loss of appetite | 83/263 |
| Ghanizadeh 2013 | Decreased appetite | 1/26 |
| Golubchik 2011 | Decrease in appetite | 4/9 |
| Grcevich 2001 | Appetite suppression | 5/75 |
| Green 2011 | Poor appetite | 13/14 |
| Gucuyener 2003 | Loss of appetite | 23/119 |
| Hammerness 2009 | Decreased appetite | 19/57 |
| Hazell 2003 | Appetite suppression | 7/10 |
| Hulvershorn 2012 | Decreased appetite | 6/25 |
| Işeri 2007 | Loss of appetite | 3/20 |
| Jafarinia 2012 | Decreased appetite | 11/20 |
| Johnson 2013 | Reduced appetite | 26/45 |
| Jung 2007 | Appetite loss | 16/83 |
| Kemner 2005 (FOCUS) | Decreased appetite | 49/850 |
| Kim 2010 | Decreased appetite | 9/27 |
| Kim 2011 | Poor appetite | 22/97 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Anorexia | 6/25 |
| Lakic 2012 | Loss of appetite | 68/68 |
| Lee 2007 | Decreased appetite | 31/110 |
| Li 2011 | Decreased appetite | 13/34 |
| Maayan 2009 | Decreased appetite | 7/11 |
| Maia 2008 | Barkley decreased appetite | 19/31 |
| Mayes 1994 | Decreased appetite | 14/63 |
| McCracken 2016 | Decreased appetite | 31/61 |
| Miller‐Horn 2008 | Decreased appetite | 2/23 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Loss of appetite | 4/11 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Decreased appetite | 17/19 |
| Mohammadi 2012a | Loss of appetite | 11/23 |
| Mohammadi 2012b | Decreased appetite | 9/20 |
| Na 2013 | Decreased appetite | 66/103 |
| Perera 2010 | Loss of appetite | 51/102 |
| Peyre 2012a | Reduced appetite | 9/121 |
| Pierce 2010 | Decreased appetite | 7/71 |
| Poulton 2003 | Decreased appetite | 12/13 |
| Sahin 2014 | Loss of appetite | 21/30 |
| Sangal 2006 | Decreased appetite | 19/79 |
| Shang 2015 | Decreased appetite | 36/66 |
| Silva 2004 | Decreased appetite | 7/22 |
| Steele 2006 | Decreased appetite | 17/60 |
| Su 2015 | Decreased appetite | 72/205 |
| Tasdelen 2015 | Loss of appetite | 9/17 |
| Thorell 2009 | Loss of appetite | 21/79 |
| Valdizán Usón 2004 | Loss of appetite | 9/155 |
| Valdizán Usón 2013 | Appetite and nutrition disorders | 68/689 |
| Wang 2007 | Decreased appetite | 32/166 |
| Warshaw 2010 | Decreased appetite | 77/260 |
| Wigal 2013 | Decreased appetite | 21/39 |
| Wigal 2015 | Decreased appetite | 38/200 |
| Wilens 2005 | Appetite suppression | 55/229 |
| Wilens 2008 | Decreased appetite | 35/127 |
| Yalcin 2014 | Decreased appetite | 28/40 |
| Yatsuga 2014 | Decreased appetite | 3/50 |
| Yildiz 2010 | Loss of appetite | 27/47 |
| Zarinara 2010 | Decreased appetite | 7/18 |
| Zeni 2007 | Decreased appetite | 53/106 |
| Zheng 2011 | Loss of appetite | 552/1154 |
| Zheng 2015 | Loss of appetite | 16/123 |
| Decreased weight | ||
| Abbas 2006 | Weight loss | 2/90 |
| Abbasi 2011 | Weight loss | 6/20 |
| Amiri 2008 | Weight loss | 7/27 |
| Ardic 2014 | Weight loss | 25/101 |
| Arnold 2004 | Weight loss | 3/76 |
| Arnold 2010 | Decreased weight | 5/171 |
| Berek 2011 | Weight decrease | 10/762 |
| Cortese 2015 | Weight loss | 37/1426 |
| Davari‐Ashtiani 2010 | Weight loss | 4/16 |
| Dittmann 2014 | Weight decrease | 3/195 |
| Döpfner 2011b | Weight loss | 0/113 |
| Findling 2009 | Decreased weight | 33/157 |
| Grcevich 2001 | Weight loss | 3/75 |
| Haertling 2015 | Weight decreased | 3/239 |
| Işeri 2007 | Weight loss | 2/20 |
| Johnson 2013 | Weight loss | 9/45 |
| Kordon 2011 | Weight decrease | 8/541 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Weight loss | 2/25 |
| Lakic 2012 | Moderate loss of body weight | 68/68 |
| Mohammadi 2012a | Weight loss | 9/23 |
| Remschmidt 2005 | Weight decrease | 1/105 |
| Sahin 2014 | Weight loss | 20/30 |
| Song 2012 | Weight loss | 4/116 |
| Warshaw 2010 | Decreased weight | 9/260 |
| Wilens 2005 | Weight loss | 8/407 |
| Yildiz 2010 | Weight loss | 12/47 |
| Yildiz 2011 | Weight loss | 5/11 |
| Çetin 2015 | Weight loss | 1/16 |
| Diarrhoea | ||
| Abbasi 2011 | Diarrhoea | 5/20 |
| Blader 2010 | Diarrhoea | 2/65 |
| Hammerness 2009 | Diarrhoea | 3/57 |
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Diarrhoea | 3/71 |
| Kordon 2011 | Diarrhoea | 7/541 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Diarrhoea | 1/25 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Diarrhoea | 0/11 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Diarrhoea | 1/19 |
| Dry mouth | ||
| Abbasi 2011 | Dry mouth | 8/20 |
| Amiri 2008 | Dry mouth | 10/27 |
| Blader 2010 | Dry mouth | 2/65 |
| Davari‐Ashtiani 2010 | Dry mouth | 0/16 |
| Işeri 2007 | Dry mouth | 1/20 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Dry mouth | 3/11 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Dry mouth | 6/19 |
| Mohammadi 2012a | Dry mouth | 3/23 |
| Mohammadi 2012b | Dry mouth | 3/20 |
| Gastrointestinal adverse events | ||
| Dittmann 2014 | Gastrointestinal disorders | 6/247 |
| Gau 2008 | Gastrointestinal upset | 36/607 |
| Valdizán Usón 2013 | Gastrointestinal symptomatology | 9/633 |
| Nausea | ||
| Abbasi 2011 | Nausea | 5/20 |
| Akhondzadeh 2003 | Nausea | 2/14 |
| Akhondzadeh 2004 | Nausea | 3/20 |
| Amiri 2008 | Nausea | 4/27 |
| Ardic 2014 | Nausea | 14/101 |
| Arnold 2004 | Nausea | 7/76 |
| Barrickman 1995 | Nausea | 1/18 |
| Chou 2012b | Nausea | 15/230 |
| Dittmann 2014 | Nausea | 2/195 |
| Döpfner 2011a, OBSEER | Nausea | 9/777 |
| Döpfner 2011b | Nausea | 1/113 |
| Findling 2009 | Nausea | 20/157 |
| Garg 2014 | Nausea | 1/27 |
| Ghanizadeh 2013 | Nausea + vomiting | 1/26 |
| Gucuyener 2003 | Nausea | 11/119 |
| Guerreiro 1996 | Nausea | 1/22 |
| Haertling 2015 | Nausea | 4/239 |
| Hammerness 2009 | Nausea | 4/57 |
| Işeri 2007 | Nausea | 1/20 |
| Kemner 2005 (FOCUS) | Nausea | 9/850 |
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Nausea | 4/71 |
| Kim 2010 | Nausea | 1/27 |
| Kordon 2011 | Nausea | 10/541 |
| Kratochvil 2002 | Vomiting + nausea + dyspepsia | 4/25 |
| Lee 2007 | Nausea | 5/110 |
| Lee 2014 | Nausea | 5/100 |
| Li 2011 | Nausea | 16/34 |
| Mohammadi 2004 | Nausea | 0/11 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Nausea | 4/19 |
| Na 2013 | Nausea | 32/103 |
| Pierce 2010 | Nausea | 3/71 |
| Schulz 2010 | Nausea | 8/145 |
| Song 2012 | Nausea | 9/116 |
| Su 2015 | Nausea | 11/205 |
| Tasdelen 2015 | Nausea | 1/17 |
| Wang 2007 | Nausea | 17/166 |
| Warshaw 2010 | Nausea | 13/260 |
| Wilens 2005 | Nausea | 7/407 |
| Yildiz 2010 | Nausea | 9/47 |
| Yildiz 2011 | Nausea | 5/11 |
| Zarinara 2010 | Nausea | 5/18 |
| Upset stomach | ||
| Arnold 2004 | Dyspepsia | 6/89 |
| Hulvershorn 2012 | Upset stomach | 4/25 |
| Na 2013 | Dyspepsia | 13/103 |
| Vomiting | ||
| Arnold 2004 | Vomiting | 3/76 |
| Dittmann 2014 | Vomiting | 1/195 |
| Findling 2009 | Vomiting | 23/157 |
| Jafarinia 2012 | Vomiting | 3/20 |
| Kemner 2005 (FOCUS) | Vomiting | 11/850 |
| Lee 2007 | Vomiting | 8/110 |
| Lee 2014 | Vomiting | 5/100 |
| Maayan 2009 | Vomiting | 1/8 |
| Mohammadi 2010 | Vomiting | 2/19 |
| Mohammadi 2012a | Vomiting | 3/23 |
| Mohammadi 2012b | Vomiting | 2/20 |
| Na 2013 | Vomiting | 7/103 |
| Shang 2015 | Vomiting | 5/66 |
| Silva 2004 | Vomiting | 6/22 |
| Su 2015 | Vomiting | 9/205 |
| Valdizán Usón 2004 | Vomiting | 2/155 |
| Wang 2007 | Vomiting | 6/166 |
| Wilens 2005 | Vomiting | 6/407 |
| Yildiz 2011 | Vomiting | 1/11 |
| Zarinara 2010 | Vomiting | 4/18 |
| Dyspepsia | ||
| Arnold 2004 | Dyspepsia | 6/76 |
| Cortese 2015 | Dyspepsia | 9/1426 |
| Gastroenteritis | ||
| Arnold 2004 | Gastroenteritis | 0/76 |
| Wigal 2015 | Gastroenteritis | 4/200 |
| Increased appetite | ||
| Blader 2010 | Increased appetite | 1/65 |
| Xerostomia | ||
| Khajehpiri 2014 | Xerostomia | 12/71 |