Durá‐Travé 2012.

Methods	A 4‐year cohort study examining OROS‐methylphenidate effects on growth conducted as a review of random medical records
Participants	Number of participants screened: not stated Number of participants included: 187 Number of participants followed up: 160 Number of withdrawals: 27 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV‐R (subtype: combined (84.5%), inattentive (15.5%)) Age: mean at time of diagnosis: 8.14, range: 6‐10 years old IQ: not stated Sex: 129 males, 58 females Methylphenidate‐naïve: 100% Ethnicity: not stated Country: Spain Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: not stated Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria DSM‐IV‐R diagnosis of ADHD, inattentive or combined subtype Start of OROS‐methylphenidate treatment at the time of ADHD diagnosis Continuous OROS‐methylphenidate treatment for ≥ 48 months Evaluated at the Pediatric Neurology Unit of the Navarra Hospital Complex in Pamplona, Spain, between January and December 2009 Exclusion criteria Methylphenidate treatment stop during school holidays or summer periods
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: sustained release, osmotic release oral system Methylphenidate dose: at baseline 0.89 mg/kg/day, gradually increased to 1.31 mg/kg/day at 48 months Administration schedule: once daily Duration of intervention: 48 months Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events: Height, weight, and BMI measured at baseline (time of ADHD diagnosis and start of methylphenidate treatment), 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 months. Weight and height measurements were taken with patients wearing only underwear and no shoes, precision of 100 g and 0.1 cm. The growth charts and data tables of the Centro Andrea Prader (Zaragoza, Spain, 2002) were used as standard references
Notes	Sample calculation: no Any withdrawals due to adverse events: not stated Ethics approval: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain Funding: the authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article Vested interests/authors' affiliations: the authors declared no potential conflicts of interest Key conclusions of the study authors: at the time the participants were diagnosed with ADHD, 1 out of every 3 patients was in a deficient nutritional situation (subnutrition or malnutrition). Continued treatment with OROS‐methylphenidate for 30 months had a negative influence on height and weight. However, we observed a recovery of anthropometric variables from the 30th to the 48th month of OROS‐methylphenidate treatment (growth‐rebound); this means that the effects of stimulant drugs, and specifically methylphenidate, on the growth curve would be a transitory condition that attenuates as time passes. Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: no Supplemental information regarding IQ requested through personal email correspondence with the study authors with no reply