Kazanci 2015.

Methods	2 patient reports of dyskinesia following a single dose of methylphenidate
Participants	Case 1 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM 5 Age: 8 years old IQ: normal Sex: male Ethnicity: not stated Country: Turkey Comorbidity: none Comedication: none Sociodemographics: uneventful pregnancy and delivery history. Born from healthy, non‐consanguineous parents without any history of any psychiatric diseases, movement or muscle disorders Case 2 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM 5 Age: 6 years old IQ: normal Sex: male Ethnicity: not stated Country: Turkey Comorbidity: none Comedication: none Sociodemographics: uneventful pregnancy and delivery history. Born from healthy, non‐consanguineous parents without any history of any psychiatric diseases, movement or muscle disorders
Interventions	Case 1 Methylphenidate type and dosage: methylphenidate IR 10 mg/day Methylphenidate dosage: 5 mg twice daily Duration of treatment: 3 hours Treatment compliance: yes Case 2 Methylphenidate type and dosage: OROS methylphenidate 18 mg/day Administration schedule: not stated Duration of treatment: 2 hours Treatment compliance: yes
Outcomes	Case 1 Non‐serious adverse events: 3 hours after first dose of methylphenidate IR 5 mg: repetitive facial contortions and abnormal neck movement. The abnormal movements decreased during the following hours. Continuation of 5 mg methylphenidate immediate release twice daily. After 2 months further increase to 10 mg twice a day and no repetition of dyskinesia Case 2 Non‐serious adverse events: 2 hours after a single dose of OROS‐methylphenidate 18 mg: repetitive facial grimaces, lip smacking and protrusion of tongue. 2 hours later all symptoms have resolved. No treatment required. Continuation of 18 mg OROS‐methylphenidate. After 3 months, further increase to 27 mg OROS‐methylphenidate and no repetition of dyskinesia in the 8‐month follow‐up period
Notes	Funding/vested interest: the authors report no conflicts of interest related to this article Key conclusions of the study authors: these side effects are assumed to occur due to individual drug sensitivities. Continuation of the methylphenidate treatment, despite dyskinetic side effects, may not cause any recurrent dyskinetic movements