Mohammadi 2004.

Methods	A 6‐week, parallel group, randomised trial with 2 arms: Methylphenidate Theophylline
Participants	Number of participants screened: not stated Number of participants included: 32 Number of participants randomised to methylphenidate: 16 Number of participants followed up: 11 Number of withdrawals: 5 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: combined (100%)) Age: mean 8.87 years (range 6‐14) IQ: > 70 Sex: 11 males, 5 females Methylphenidate‐naïve: 100% Ethnicity: 100% Persian Country: Iran Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: not stated Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria 6‐14 years ADHD according to DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria Newly diagnosed Exclusion criteria Previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or mental retardation (IQ < 70) A clinically significant chronic medical condition, including a past history of cardiovascular disease, organic brain disorder, seizures, current abuse or dependence on drugs within 6 months and current treatment with psychotropic medications Parents and children had to be willing to comply with all requirements of the study
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: not stated Methylpenidate dosage: 1 mg/kg/day Administration schedule: not stated Duration of intervention: 6 weeks Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events: Headaches were observed more often in the methylphenidate group
Notes	Sample calculation: yes Ethics approval: not stated Funding: the study was supported by a grant from Tehran University of Medical Sciences Vested interests/authors' affiliations: not stated Key conclusions of the study authors: the results suggest that theophylline may be a useful for the treatment of ADHD. In addition, a tolerable side‐effect profile is one of the advantages of theophylline in the treatment of ADHD Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: no. All participants were newly diagnosed