Stein 2002.

Methods	A comparative cohort study of 32 non‐medicated ADHD male adolescents, 35 ADHD male adolescents receiving methylphenidate, and 77 controls (no ADHD)
Participants	Number of participants screened: 150 Number of participants included: 95 (non‐medicated: 32; medicated: 35; controls: 77) Number of participants followed up: not stated Number of withdrawals: not stated Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐III (subtype: not stated) Age: mean: non‐medicated: 13.06 years; medicated: 13.26 years old (range not stated) IQ: not stated Sex: 144 males Methylphenidate‐naïve: non‐medicated group had not been receiving any medication for the treatment of ADHD for ≥ 6 months prior to the study Ethnicity: Jewish‐Ashkenazi (European descent) 46%, Jewish‐Sepharadi (Middle Eastern descent) 54% Country: Israel Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: no Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria: ADHD Exclusion criteria: If positive in 1 of 10 items of ICID‐I (no other Axis I disorder) Current/lifetime neurological disorder Current/lifetime use of any psychotropic medication Mental retardation Controls: Any current or lifetime medical, neurological, or mental disorder
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: immediate release Mean methylphenidate dosage: 18 mg/day Administration schedule: once or twice/day (morning/noon) Duration of intervention: not stated Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events: Questionnaires on sleep
Notes	Sample calculation: no Ethics approval: the Israel Ministry of Education and the principals of the 2 participating schools approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained Funding/vested interests: not stated Key conclusions of the study authors: the study did not find a greater severity of sleep disturbances among non‐medicated male adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood compared to control participants. Sleep disturbance among male students receiving methylphenidate treatment was significantly greater compared with the non‐medicated group Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: not stated Supplemental information requested through personal email correspondence with the authors in April 2014. No reply