Thorell 2009.

Methods	A cross‐sectional study of children on stimulant treatment studying positive and negative effects
Participants	Number of participants screened/questionnaires sent out to: 132 Number of participants included/returned questionnaires: 79 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: not stated) Age: mean 13.14 years old (range 9‐17) IQ: above 70, except for 2 children with mild mental retardation Sex: 62 males, 17 females Methylphenidate‐naïve: none Ethnicity: not stated Country: Sweden Comorbidity: Aspergers (7.6%), Tourette syndrome (13.9%), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (2.5%), mild mental retardation (2.5%), oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (2.5%) Comedication: no Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria: ADHD according to criteria DSM‐IV Currently on stimulant medication Between the ages of 9 and 17 years
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: 96% were taking methylphenidate and 4% amphetamine Dosage: not stated Administration schedule: not stated Duration of intervention: mean 3.12 years (range: 6 months to 12 years) Treatment compliance: most children knew how it felt to be off medication. Only 8% of the parents in the present study indicated that the child never forgot to take his or her medication
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events Children's and parents questionnaire of negative events (4‐point Likert‐type scale), parent and self‐reported
Notes	Sample calculation: none reported Ethics approval: yes, the study was approved by the local ethics committee Funding: the study was supported by a grant from Majblommans Riksförbund Vested interests/authors' affiliations: no affiliations to pharmaceutical companies stated Key conclusions of the study authors: Swedish children treated with stimulants generally experienced positive treatment effects in many areas, especially in the school setting, and a majority wished to continue taking their medication. There was, however a small group of children who reported a relatively large number of negative effects. Few differences between parents and children were found for positive effects, although parents reported higher levels of negative effects Comments from the study authors: excluding the children with comorbid diagnoses did not make any significant changes in the results. The 4 participants not taking methylphenidate and who were mentally retarded are excluded from the data Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: no Supplemental information regarding adverse event data for patients taking methylphenidate without intellectual disability (n = 75) received through personal email correspondence with the authors in October 2013 (Thorell 2013 [pers comm])