Williams 2008.

Methods	A cohort study of methylphenidate use for 4 weeks
Participants	Number of participants screened: not stated Number of participants included: 51 Number of participants followed up: 33 Number of withdrawals: not stated Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: combined: 58.8%, inattentive: 37.3%, hyperactive‐impulsive: 3.9%). Age: mean 13.79 (SD 2.33, range 8‐17) years old IQ: above 80 Sex: 51 males Methylphenidate‐naïve: 51% Ethnicity: not stated Country: Australia Comorbidity: not stated C‐medication: no participant was taking concurrent medications known to affect the CNS Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria DSM‐IV ADHD diagnosis IQ ≥ 80 Exclusion criteria Physical brain injury Neurological disorder Other serious medical or genetic condition Drug or alcohol dependence
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: immediate release Mean methylphenidate dosage: 24.1 mg/day (range 10‐60 mg/day). 26 medication naïve titrated to maximum effective dose (0.4‐1.3 mg/kg) in a week with 10 mg increments then kept on a stable dose for a week. 25 had 3 day washout then resumed optimal methylphenidate dose after baseline testing Administration schedule: methylphenidate given 60 minutes before testing Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	No adverse events were reported
Notes	Sample calculation: not stated Ethics approval: not stated Funding: an Australia Research Council (ARC) Linkage Grant with industry partner Brain Resource Company (BRC) (Grant no. LP0349079) supported this work. LMW holds a competitive, peer‐reviewed Pfizer Senior Research Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the Brain Resource International Database (under the auspices of the Brain Resource Company) for data acquisition and processing. All scientific decisions are made independent of any BRC commercial decisions via the independently operated scientific division, BRAINnet Vested interests/authors' affiliations: DP, HK, and SC have no conflicts of interest to declare. As an industry partner on the ARC‐linkage grant that supported this research (Grant no. LP0349079), BRC contributed to the salary of DFH as research officer on this grant for 2003‐2005. MK uses BRC computerised cognitive tests in private practice. LMW and CRC hold a few private shares in BRC (1% of the company value), and CRC holds a number of share options in the BRC. EG is the chief executive officer of BRC. However, scientific decisions are made independent of the BRC operations, and access to the Brain Resource International Database for scientific purposes is coordinated via an independent scientific network BRAINnet Key conclusions of the study authors: methylphenidate normalised neural activity and produced some improvement of emotion recognition but had no impact on negative mood. Disruptions to emotional brain function may be improved with methylphenidate Supplemental information received through personal email correspondence with the authors in August 2014 (Williams 2014 [pers comm])