Yalcin 2014.

Methods	A cohort study of osmotic release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate use for 60 days
Participants	Number of participants screened: not stated Number of participants included: 40 Number of participants followed up: 33 Number of withdrawals: 7 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: combined (54.54%), hyperactive‐impulsive (18.18%), inattentive (27.27%) Age: mean 9.20 years (range 6‐12) IQ: not stated Sex: 33 males Methylphenidate‐naïve: 100% Ethnicity: not stated Country: Turkey Comorbidity: oppositional defiant disorder: 9.09%; enuresis: 6.06% Comedication: none Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria Being a prepubertal male child Meeting the DSM‐IV criteria for ADHD No usage of methylphenidate or any other psychiatric drug treatment before the trial Having no depression or psychotic disorder at the time of the trial No history of autism, mental retardation, developmental delay, any other neurological, endocrinological, metabolic or infectious disease or cardiac, liver or kidney dysfunction and no routine use of any drugs Exclusion criteria Female patients
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: osmotic release oral system (OROS) Methylphenidate dosage: 18 mg Administration schedule: fixed daily dose (no titration) Duration of intervention: 60 days Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events: Weight and height before and after methylphenidate. Mothers rated severity of methylphenidate associated adverse reactions (sleep problems, headache, tics, loss of appetite,abdominal pain, weight loss, sadness, mouth dryness, nausea, vomiting, fears, irritability, skin eruption and others): 0, not a problem; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe. Before and after medication appetite status of the children was rated by the mothers
Notes	Sample calculation: not stated Ethics approval: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ethics Committee Funding/vested interests: this research was not supported by university funds or any drug company Key conclusions of the study authors: this is the first study which directly aims to determine methylphenidate's effect on serum active ghrelin levels. Further research with higher methylphenidate doses and/or other stimulants such as atomoxetine and amphetamine should be done as ghrelin is also associated with obesity, alcohol and drug addiction and reward system pathologies, which are also closely related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: no, 100% were methylphenidate‐naïve