Yildiz 2010.

Methods	An 8‐week, open‐label, prospective, parallel study with 2 arms: Osmotic release oral system‐methylphenidate HCL (OROS‐MPH) Immediate‐release methylphenidate (IR‐MPH)
Participants	Number of participants screened: not stated Number of participants included: 90 Number of participants randomised: OROS‐MPH: 50 and IR‐MPH: 40 Number of participants followed up: OROS‐MPH: 47 and IR‐MPH: 36 Number of withdrawals: OROS‐MPH: 3 and IR‐MPH: 4 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: combined (IR‐MPH: 75.0%, OROS‐MPH: 80.9%), inattentive (IR‐MPH: 25.0%, OROS‐MPH: 19.1%)) Age: mean 9.7 SD 1.8, range 7‐15 years old (IR‐MPH: 9.3 SD 1.3 and OROS‐MPH: 10.0 SD 2.1) IQ: above 80. WISC‐R total IQ: IR‐MPH: 99.9 SD 14.2 and OROS‐MPH: 99.5 SD 10.9 Sex: IR‐MPH: 28 males, 8 females. OROS‐MPH: 41 males, 6 females Methylphenidate‐naïve: not stated Ethnicity: not stated Country: Turkey Comorbidity: specific learning difficulties (IR‐MPH: 22.2%, OROS‐MPH: 23.4%) Comedication: not stated Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria 7‐14 years old Diagnosed with ADHD based on DSM‐IV clinical interviews Psychostimulant treatment initiation Parents signed written consent form Exclusion criteria Previous unresponsiveness to psychostimulant treatment Especially drug sensitivity to psychotropic drugs Having other disruptive behaviour disorders, and specific learning difficulties Serious gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and haematological diseases history of epilepsy, and severe head trauma IQ below 80 according to the WISC‐R test intelligence quotient of children and adolescents
Interventions	Dosage the first 4 weeks: IR‐MPH: 10 mg/day. OROS‐MPH: 18 mg/day After the fourth week: IR‐MPH: 10 mg/day (n = 16) or 20 mg/day (n = 20) and OROS‐MPH: 18 mg/day (n = 22) or 36 mg/day (n = 25) Duration of intervention: 60 days Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Non‐serious adverse events: Based on Side Effects of Stimulant Medications for Screening Scale developed by Turgay, there are 16 side effects for psychostimulants. Parents filled out the form for each side effects based on a 4‐point Likert scale (0: none, 1: rare, 2: moderate, 3: severe) in 4th and 8th week
Notes	Sample calculation: not stated Ethics approval: yes Funding/vested interests: not stated Key conclusions of the study authors: OROS‐methylphenidate was found to be as effective as IR‐methylphenidate in the treatment of behavioural symptoms in Turkish children with ADHD. These results demonstrated that both drugs were effective and well tolerated in the treatment of Turkish children with ADHD Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: yes