Ayaz 2014.

Methods	A case‐control study of methylphenidate use for 12 months
Participants	Number of participants screened: 2171 Number of participants included: 1348 Number of participants followed up: 877 (methylphenidate only: 788) Number of withdrawals: 195 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype: not stated) Age: mean continuing: 9.01 (SD 2.36); mean discontinuing: 9.52 (SD 2.37). Range: 6‐18 years old IQ: > 70 Sex: 687 males, 132 female Methylphenidate‐naïve: 100% Ethnicity: not stated Country: Turkey Comorbidity: ODD, CD, learning disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, tic, elimination disorders Comedication: atomoxetine Sociodemographics: low educational level of mother: children continuing: 67.9%; children discontinuing: 73.4%, low educational level of father: children continuing: 54.3%; children discontinuing: 56.9% Inclusion criteria ADHD medication first administered ≥ 12 months prior beginning study Evaluation of efficacy and side effects Exclusion criteria Previous ADHD treatment ADHD treatment from another clinic after initiating medication > 18 years old Treatment discontinued by clinicians Insufficient data, or evaluation scores not appropriately calculated Adopted, living in institutions, or not living with parents Mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorders, psychosis, substance abuse/addiction, bipolar disorder
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: immediate and extended release Methylphenidate dosage: not stated Administration schedule: not stated Duration of intervention: 12 months Treatment compliance: 265 continued treatment 12 months after the initiation of the prescription
Outcomes	Since data includes atomoxetine no outcomes are usable
Notes	Sample calculation: no Any withdrawals due to adverse events: yes Ethics approval: yes Funding/vested interest/authors' affiliations: none stated Key conclusions of the study authors: medication persistence, in Turkish children, can be influenced by younger age, higher hyperactivity/impulsivity scores, use of long acting MPH, addition of another ADHD medication, and addition of other psychotropic medications, absence of adverse events, efficacy level perceived by the parents Comments from the study authors: limitations due to retrospective approach of the study, the determination of medication persistence, lack of sufficient data about the treatment efficacy and side effects after each medication was switched, and information obtained on the side effects spontaneously by parental reports. Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: yes, methylphenidate responders only Supplemental information requested from the study authors in April 2016. No answer