Cherland 1999.

Methods	A retrospective cohort study conducted as a chart review
Participants	Number of participants screened: 192 Number of participants included: 98 Number of participants followed up: 98 Number of withdrawals: not stated Diagnosis of ADD and ADHD: DSM‐III‐R and DSM‐IV (subtype: not stated) Age: range 4‐17 IQ: not stated Sex: not stated Methylphenidate‐naïve: not stated Ethnicity: not stated Country: Canada Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: 2% Sociodemographics: not stated Inclusion criteria: ADHD diagnosis of DSM‐III‐R ADD or DSM‐IV Stimulant treatment
Interventions	Methylphenidate type: not stated Methylphenidate dosage: range 5‐80 mg per day Administration schedule: not stated Duration of treatment: mean 1 year and 9 months Treatment compliance: not stated
Outcomes	Serious adverse events: The reviewers rated whether the symptoms suggesting psychosis were side effects of the medication or part of the child's psychopathology. DSM‐IV criteria for definitions for psychotic and mood‐congruent psychotic symptoms were used 98 children treated with stimulant medication 9 children developed psychotic symptoms 3 children had amphetamine intoxication 1 had psychotic symptoms 3 had mood‐congruent psychotic symptoms 1 was unclassifiable because information about the event was insufficient 11 children developed either mood‐only symptoms or mood‐congruent psychotic symptoms while being treated with MPH (11.7%) 1 child with severe depression required hospitalisation
Notes	Sample calculation: no Any withdrawals due to adverse events: methylphenidate was withdrawn from all children and adolescents experiencing psychotic symptoms Ethics approval: not stated Funding/vested interests: not stated Authors' affiliations: no affiliations to pharmaceutical companies stated Key conclusions of the study authors: awareness of the potential for psychotic side effects from stimulant medications is important when prescribing for children. A large prospective study would be useful to predict the frequency and classification of the side effects in children Comments from the study authors: most of the children and adolescents improved upon withdrawal of the methylphenidate Exclusion of methylphenidate non‐responders/children who have previously experienced adverse events on methylphenidate: no Supplemental information regarding IQ, sex distribution, comedication and safety data were requested through personal email correspondence with the authors in February 2014. No reply