Table 1. Critical pressure for a cell to enter a single capillary and cell penetration distances in microporous substrates.

Critical pressures required for different cell types to enter a pore with a radius of 2.5μm. Neutrophils require the least pressure, while chondrocytes require the most. Penetration distance determined experimentally for three cell types used in this study is given. E1s penetrate the greatest distance and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Data obtained from the literature are indicated by the adjacent reference. Other values were not available (N/A) or were measured experimentally.

Cell	γten (kg/s2)	Rc (μm)	Pcrit (Pa)	Distance (μm)
Neutrophil	0.000024 [29]	4.2 [31]	7.77	N/A
Osteoblast	0.00052*	7.5 [34]	277	N/A
MSC	0.00052 [35]	11.5 [33,35]	326	116
Chondrocyte	0.0022 [30]	7.0 [32]	1131	N/A
D1	N/A	7.5	N/A	89.6
E1	0.00052**	6.9	265	165

^*The cortical tension for MSCs was used for osteoblasts, however the osteoblast cortical tension is less than the MSC cortical tension due to the osteoblast’s similar elastic modulus [37] but smaller radii [30,33,34]

^**The cortical tension for osteoblasts was used for the E1 cells.