Table 2.
Demographic and Oil Spill Work Characteristics at Enrollment Among Cleanup Workers Without Prevalent Heart Attack (n = 23,923), According to Incident Self-Reported Myocardial Infarction/Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, Gulf Long-Term Follow-up Study, United States, 2010–2016
| Characteristic | No. of Cases (n = 312) | % | Total No. (n = 23,923) | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 284 | 91.0 | 19,667 | 82.2 |
| Female | 28 | 9.0 | 4,256 | 17.8 |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| 20–29 | 6 | 1.9 | 4,985 | 21.0 |
| 30–39 | 30 | 9.6 | 5,850 | 24.6 |
| 40–49 | 94 | 30.1 | 5,865 | 24.7 |
| 50–59 | 118 | 37.8 | 5,012 | 21.1 |
| 60–64 | 37 | 11.9 | 1,245 | 5.2 |
| ≥65 | 27 | 8.7 | 793 | 3.3 |
| Missing | 173 | 0.7 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 199 | 63.8 | 15,708 | 66.3 |
| Black | 77 | 24.7 | 5,543 | 23.4 |
| Asian | 5 | 1.6 | 213 | 0.9 |
| Other/multiracial | 31 | 9.9 | 2,232 | 9.4 |
| Missing | 227 | 0.9 | ||
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 78 | 25.0 | 3,702 | 15.6 |
| High-school diploma/GED | 108 | 34.6 | 6,987 | 29.4 |
| Some college/2-year degree | 83 | 26.6 | 7,149 | 30.1 |
| ≥4-year college graduate | 43 | 13.8 | 5,925 | 24.9 |
| Missing | 160 | 0.7 | ||
| Household income, $ | ||||
| ≤20,000 | 102 | 34.9 | 5,917 | 27.4 |
| 20,001–50,000 | 102 | 34.9 | 6,905 | 32.0 |
| >50,000 | 88 | 30.1 | 8,748 | 40.6 |
| Missing | 2,353 | 9.8 | ||
| Residential proximity to the oil spilla | ||||
| Direct/indirect | 231 | 74.0 | 14,019 | 58.8 |
| Away from the spill | 81 | 26.0 | 9,810 | 41.2 |
| Missing | 94 | 0.4 | ||
| Duration of cleanup work, days | ||||
| ≤30 | 29 | 9.3 | 2,920 | 12.3 |
| 31–90 | 88 | 28.2 | 7,488 | 31.4 |
| 91–180 | 122 | 39.1 | 8,178 | 34.3 |
| >180 | 73 | 23.4 | 5,243 | 22.0 |
| Missing | 94 | 0.4 | ||
| Maximum THC exposure, ppm | ||||
| <0.30 | 42 | 13.5 | 5,342 | 22.4 |
| 0.30–0.99 | 106 | 34.2 | 7,801 | 32.8 |
| 1.00–2.99 | 114 | 36.8 | 7,283 | 30.6 |
| ≥3.00 | 48 | 15.5 | 3,377 | 14.2 |
| Missing | 120 | 0.5 | ||
| Median THC exposure, ppm | ||||
| <0.10 | 41 | 14.0 | 4,460 | 19.9 |
| 0.10–0.29 | 106 | 36.3 | 7,792 | 34.7 |
| 0.30–0.99 | 128 | 43.8 | 9,035 | 40.2 |
| ≥1.00 | 17 | 5.8 | 1,173 | 5.2 |
| Missing | 1,463 | 6.1 | ||
| Self-reported prevalent hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 199 | 64.4 | 6,092 | 25.6 |
| No | 110 | 35.6 | 17,689 | 74.4 |
| Missing | 142 | 0.6 | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Current | 120 | 38.8 | 7,140 | 30.2 |
| Former | 88 | 28.5 | 4,989 | 21.1 |
| Never | 101 | 32.7 | 11,547 | 48.8 |
| Missing | 247 | 1.0 | ||
| BMIb at enrollment | ||||
| <25 | 63 | 20.2 | 6,401 | 27.2 |
| 25–29.9 | 110 | 35.3 | 9,785 | 41.5 |
| ≥30 | 139 | 44.6 | 7,376 | 31.3 |
| Missing | 361 | 1.5 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GED, General Educational Development; ppm, parts per million; THC, total hydrocarbon.
a Residential proximity to the spill is defined as living in, or adjacent to, a county with coastline that was oiled during the spill.
b BMI defined as weight (kg)/height (m)2.