Table 2.
Adjusted* prevalence and means of availability characteristics, by racial segregation and corporate status, of surveyed stores (n 139) in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA, July–November 2014
| Racial segregation* | Corporate status* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White dominant | Racially mixed | POC dominant | Corporate/franchise | Independently owned | |||||||
| n † | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | |
| Fresh fruits offered | 138 | 75·9a | 61·4, 86·1 | 66·2a,b | 53·8, 76·7 | 50·9b | 31·9, 69·6 | 55·6d | 61·1, 82·8 | 73·3e | 42·8, 67·7 |
| Fresh vegetables offered | 138 | 60·0 | 44·7, 73·6 | 50·5 | 38·1, 62·9 | 36·7 | 20·3, 57·0 | 33·7d | 23·0, 46·5 | 64·5e | 52·1, 75·2 |
| Refrigeration for fresh produce available | 78† | 18·1 | 8·2, 35·2 | 21·0 | 10·0, 38·9 | 40·8 | 17·8, 68·8 | 37·3 | 22·5, 55·1 | 16·5 | 7·5, 32·5 |
| Fresh fruits obtained via distributor/store delivery (v. self-supply) | 52† | 63·3 | 37·6, 83·2 | 43·2 | 17·8, 72·8 | 49·8 | 12·4, 87·4 | 84·4d | 58·1, 95·5 | 18·1e | 7·8, 36·5 |
| Fresh vegetables obtained via distributor/store delivery (v. self-supply)‡ | 33† | 70·3 | 49·1, 91·6 | 52·5 | 26·6, 78·4 | 90·7 | 48·1, 100 | 100d | 72·2, 100 | 39·8e | 20·4, 59·2 |
| n † | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | |
| Perceived difficulty to obtain fresh and healthier foods from distributor (range: 1–5) | 73† | 2·8 | 2·4, 3·2 | 3·3 | 2·9, 3·7 | 2·8 | 2·2, 3·4 | 3·1 | 2·7, 3·5 | 2·8 | 2·4, 3·2 |
| Healthy-to-unhealthy food shelf space ratio | 137 | 0·05 | 0·02, 0·08 | 0·05 | 0·03, 0·07 | 0·02 | 0·00, 0·06 | 0·01d | 0·00, 0·03 | 0·07e | 0·05, 0·10 |
| Perceived difficulty to reduce unhealthy/increase healthy food§ shelf space (range: 1–5) | 75† | 3·5 | 3·2, 3·9 | 3·6 | 3·2, 4·0 | 3·2 | 2·7, 3·8 | 3·9d | 3·6, 4·2 | 3·0e | 2·7, 3·4 |
POC, people of colour.
Unlike superscript letters distinguish significant differences (P≤0·05) among racial segregation categories (a,b) and among corporate status categories (d,e). Categories sharing the same superscript letter were not significantly different.
Models are mutually adjusted for racial segregation and corporate status.
Sample size varies based on data source: either manager self-report survey data (dagger) or observational store data (no dagger).
Results are from a linear model because logistic model would not converge.
Unhealthy food=soda pop, chips and salty snacks; healthy food=pretzels, low-fat chips and water.