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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2018 Nov 1;58:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.005

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for toxoid vaccination. RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles can bind and neutralize pore-forming toxins secreted by bacteria. The resulting nanotoxoids can then be safely delivered as a vaccine, eliciting anti-toxin antibodies that can protect against infections. Adapted with permission from [60].