Figure 3. Enhancement of cytokine production by CD8⁺ T cells at TT. Tumor bearing mice had aquatic exercise (n=9 per group) and 3 mice were randomly sacrificed every wk after aquatic exercise. Splenocytes were isolated from housing and aquatic exercise (at TT and BT) groups of mice for 3 weeks and were stimulated for 4 h with PMA and ionomycin to assess for T cell functional activity. (A) Frequency of IFNγ-, IL-4- and IL-17-producing CD4⁺ T cells. Data are representative for 2 independent experiments with three mice per group. (B and C) IFNγ expression of CD8⁺ T cells in housing and aquatic exercise (at TT and BT) groups. The IFNγ profile is representative for 2 independent experiments with three mice per group. (C) Frequency (left) and number (right) of IFNγ⁺CD8⁺ T cells 3 wk after aquatic exercise. (D) dLN cells were isolated from housing and aquatic exercise (at BT and TT) groups of mice at 3 weeks. These cells were stimulated for 4 h with PMA and ionomycin and assessed for IFNγ expression by intracellular staining. The profile of IFNγ⁺CD8⁺ T cells in dLN (left), and a summary of frequencies (right). The IFNγ profile is representative for 2 independent experiments with three mice per group. Error bars represent mean and SEM.

^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001.