Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients
| All Patients (N = 145) | Lp(a) Levels |
p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertiles 1 and 2 |
Tertile 3 |
|||
| ≤35 mg/dl (n = 96) | >35 mg/dl (n = 49) | |||
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Age, yrs | 70.3 ± 9.9 | 69.5 ± 9.8 | 72.0 ± 10.0 | 0.14 |
| Male | 99 (68.3) | 67 (69.8) | 32 (65.3) | 0.58 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.5 | 0.94 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 37 (26.2) | 22 (22.9) | 15 (30.6) | 0.31 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 53 (36.6) | 32 (33.3) | 21 (42.9) | 0.26 |
| Smoking (active or former) | 92 (63.4) | 60 (62.5) | 32 (66.7) | 0.62 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (10.3) | 8 (8.4) | 8 (16.3) | 0.15 |
| Hypertension | 83 (57.2) | 55 (57.3) | 28 (58.3) | 0.91 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 91.8 ± 24.7 | 91.7 ± 22.6 | 92.1 ± 28.7 | 0.92 |
| Urea, mg/dl | 6.9 ± 2.5 | 6.74 ± 2.04 | 7.26 ± 3.18 | 0.24 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.32 ± 0.10 | 2.34 ± 0.18 | 0.27 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/l | 84.4 ± 41.2 | 83.3 ± 23.2 | 86.4 ± 62.9 | 0.74 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 206 ± 49 | 206 ± 50 | 207 ± 47 | 0.98 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 111 ± 43 | 117 ± 43 | 100 ± 42 | 0.02 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 56 ± 17 | 55 ± 17 | 58 ± 16 | 0.32 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 133 (97–195) | 137 (97–195) | 133 (93–173) | 0.53 |
| Lipoprotein(a), mg/dl | 15.2 (6.6–52.2) | 9.5 (3.9–15.2) | 61.1 (51.6–79.4) | — |
| OxPL-apoB, nmol/l | 1.8 (1.2–4.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 5.8 (4.7–9.0) | <0.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Statin at baseline | 47 (32.4) | 26 (27.1) | 21 (42.9) | 0.06 |
| Statin during follow-up | 82 (56.6) | 50 (52.1) | 32 (65.3) | 0.13 |
| ACE inhibitor | 43 (29.7) | 26 (27.1) | 17 (34.4) | 0.30 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Peak aortic jet velocity, m/s | 3.42 ± 0.79 | 3.36 ± 0.74 | 3.56 ± 0.89 | 0.15 |
| Peak aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 48.9 ± 23.4 | 46.4 ± 20.5 | 53.8 ± 27.9 | 0.11 |
| Mean aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 26.7 ± 14.2 | 25.5 ± 12.7 | 29.2 ± 16.6 | 0.14 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 1.07 ± 0.40 | 1.10 ± 0.42 | 1.02 ± 0.36 | 0.30 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range). LDL cholesterol was corrected for cholesterol content in Lp(a): LDL-C = LDL-C − Lp(a) mass × 0.3.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a) = lipoprotein (a); OxPL-apoB = oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100.