Table 3.
Interaction and subgroup analyses results of relationship between periodontal disease and hypertension.
| Subgroups | Samples (%) | Hypertension (%) |
OR (95% CI) | p-value | p for interaction∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy periodontium | Periodontal disease | |||||
| Age (years) | 0.095 | |||||
| <40 | 1413 (35.75%) | 108 (11.53%) | 92 (19.33%) | 1.694 (1.196–2.398) | 0.0030 | |
| 40∼60 | 1486 (37.60%) | 276 (30.87%) | 227 (38.34%) | 1.270 (0.995–1.621) | 0.0553 | |
| >60 | 1053 (26.64%) | 342 (46.66%) | 146 (45.63%) | 1.007 (0.758–1.336) | 0.9636 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.423 | |||||
| ≤25 | 2437 (62.89%) | 346 (21.36%) | 201 (24.60%) | 1.285 (1.025–1.611) | 0.0297 | |
| >25 | 1438 (37.11%) | 363 (40.70%) | 253 (46.34%) | 1.395 (1.104–1.763) | 0.0052 | |
| Fasting blood glucose (ng/mL) | 0.694 | |||||
| ≤6.1 | 3435 (87.34%) | 558 (24.98%) | 363 (30.22%) | 1.347 (1.126–1.612) | 0.0011 | |
| >6.1 | 498 (12.66%) | 166 (51.71%) | 98 (55.37%) | 1.303 (0.861–1.971) | 0.2099 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.553 | |||||
| ≤6 | 3632 (92.35%) | 641 (27.22%) | 416 (32.58%) | 1.369 (1.154–1.623) | 0.0003 | |
| >6 | 301 (7.65%) | 83 (41.50%) | 45 (44.55%) | 1.188 (0.667–2.115) | 0.5583 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.197 | |||||
| ≤1.7 | 2958 (75.21%) | 489 (25.00%) | 301 (30.04%) | 1.448 (1.190–1.794) | 0.0002 | |
| >1.7 | 975 (24.79%) | 235 (39.23%) | 160 (42.55%) | 1.154 (0.861–1.547) | 0.3382 | |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.160 | |||||
| ≤3.1 | 2821 (71.73%) | 487 (26.50%) | 298 (30.32%) | 1.254 (1.028–1.529) | 0.0258 | |
| >3.1 | 1112 (28.27%) | 237 (33.05%) | 163 (41.27%) | 1.582 (1.185–2.112) | 0.0019 | |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.83 | |||||
| ≤1.8 | 3705 (94.20%) | 679 (28.43%) | 438 (33.26%) | 1.329 (1.124–1.570) | 0.0009 | |
| >1.8 | 228 (5.80%) | 45 (26.95%) | 23 (37.70%) | 1.84 (0.817–4.142) | 0.141 | |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | 0.045 | |||||
| ≤15 | 3452 (87.84%) | 598 (27.21%) | 406 (32.38%) | 1.264 (1.063–1.502) | 0.008 | |
| >15 | 478 (12.16%) | 126 (35.39%) | 53 (43.44%) | 2.093 (1.261-3.472) | 0.0043 | |
| C–reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.914 | |||||
| ≤10 | 3867 (98.37%) | 708 (28.20%) | 451 (33.26%) | 1.34 (1.137–1.580) | 0.0005 | |
| >10 | 64 (1.63%) | 16 (36.36%) | 8 (40.00%) | 1.783 (0.298–10.671) | 0.5263 | |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 0.612 | |||||
| ≤7.14 | 3776 (96.01%) | 665 (27.27%) | 443 (33.13%) | 1.354 (1.146–1.599) | 0.0004 | |
| >7.14 | 157 (3.99%) | 59 (50.86%) | 18 (43.90%) | 0.922 (0.388–2.191) | 0.8545 | |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 0.499 | |||||
| ≤350 | 3195 (81.24%) | 520 (25.05%) | 346 (30.92%) | 1.391 (1.155–1.674) | 0.0005 | |
| >350 | 738 (18.76%) | 204 (42.59%) | 115 (44.40%) | 1.214 (0.859–1.715) | 0.2716 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 0.461 | |||||
| ≤100 | 3770 (95.86%) | 676 (27.73%) | 443 (33.26%) | 1.358 (1.150–1.604) | 0.0003 | |
| >100 | 163 (4.14%) | 48 (41.03%) | 18 (39.13%) | 0.892 (0.375–2.122) | 0.7966 | |
| Proteinuria | 0.869 | |||||
| Negative | 3620 (95.21%) | 634 (26.98%) | 410 (32.28%) | 1.347 (1.138–1.594) | 0.0005 | |
| Suspicious/Positive | 182 (4.79%) | 56 (50.00%) | 35 (50.00%) | 1.337 (0.663–2.695) | 0.4169 | |
∗p for interaction was test by likelihood ratio test.