Table 1.
Electrosprayed carriers for drug delivery.
| Related therapy | Drugs | Components of electrosprayed carrier | Carrier form | Setups | Size range | Drug release profile | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung cancer | Paclitaxel followed by topotecan | PLGA-chitosan composite particles | Microparticles | Electrospraying with emulsion-solvent evaporation | 2,134 ± 67.5 nm | A sustained release over 144 h | Arya and Katti, 2015 |
| Cancer | Different indole derivatives | Polybutylene succinate | Microspheres | Electrospraying | 6.4–10.9 μm | Ethnol in release medium increased the burst release (in 3 days) | Murase et al., 2015 |
| Cancer | 5-aminolevulinic | PLGA | Nanoparticles | Coaxial electrospray | 200 ± 5.83− 1,000 ± 13.21 nm | 32%/37% burst release in first 10 h followed with a sustained release up to 7 days | Guan et al., 2016 |
| CD44 receptor-expressed cancers | Resveratrol | Hyaluronic acid-ceramide and soluplus | Nano-composite | Electrospraying | 230.4 ± 3.8 nm | A sustained release up to 3 weeks | Lee et al., 2016 |
| Cancer | Gramicidin | Poly(tetramethylene succinate) | Microspheres | Electrospraying | 4.9–5.2 μm | A fast burst effect followed by the establishment of equilibrium after 5 days in PBS. | (Maione et al., 2016) |
| Lung cancer | Oridonin | PLGA | Porous microspheres | Electrospraying | 5.23 μm (D50) | Most of drug release within 20 h. | Zhu et al., 2017 |
| Cancer | Carmofur/rose bengal | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | Janus particles | Electrospraying | 0.607 ± 0.191 μm | A fast release and plateau after 250 min | Sanchez-Vazquez et al., 2017 |
| Cancer | Doxorubicin | Biocompatible diblock and triblock | Nanoscale carriers | Combination of electrospraying with rehydration | 150 nm (Polydispersity index: 0.72) | Intracellular release | Li et al., 2017b |
| Cancer | Doxorubicin | PVA-silk fibroin | Nanoparticles | Coaxial electrospraying | 984–1,270 nm | Drug was slowly released after the initial burst release over 72 h | Cao et al., 2017 |
| Ovarian cancer | Docetaxel equipped with aptamer molecules | Poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (Ecoflex®) | Nanoparticles | Electrospraying | 274.7 ± 46.1 nm (Polydispersity index: 0.44 ± 0.02) | in vivo release | Ghassami et al., 2018 |
| Improving drug poorly water solubility | Griseofulvin/griseofulvin-loaded thermally oxidized mesoporous silicon nanoparticles | Eudragit L 100-55 | Micromatrix particles | Dual-capillary electrospraying | 45.3 ± 18.7 μm/45.6 ± 23.2 μm | Fast and complete drug dissolution from particles were obtained at intestinal conditions. | Roine et al., 2015 |
| Oral poorly water-soluble drug delivery | Piroxicam | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | Nanospheres | Electrospraying | 70% particles <1,000 nm | A fast sustained release in 60 min (15-fold higher as compared to the piroxicam powder) | Mustapha et al., 2016 |
| Oral solid formulations for insoluble drugs | Quercetin | Polyvinylpyrrolidone K10 | Nanoparticles | Electrospraying | Not reported | Drug release from nanoparticles was over 10-fold fast dissolution rate than the casting film in 60 min. | Wu et al., 2017 |
| Antibacterial treatment | Silver nanoparticles | Calcium alginate | Microparticles | Electrospraying | 139.96–143.31 μm | The embedding of beads into the gelatin scaffolds showed slower release of Ag+ compared to the beads in 7 days | Pankongadisak et al., 2015 |
| Dressings to control postoperative infections | Cefoxitin | Hyaluronic acid | Nanoparticles embedded in nanofibers | Electrospraying | 551 ± 293 nm | Not reported | Ahire and Dicks, 2016 |
| Infections with the human immune deficiency virus | Darunavir | Eudragit L100 | Nanocrystal particles | Coaxial electrospraying | ca. 512.5–1,050.7 nm | A reduced Darunavir release of approximately 20% in acidic medium were obtained | Nguyen et al., 2017 |
| Myocardial infarction treatment | Stromal-derived factor-1 alpha | PLGA | Core–shell particles | Coaxial electrospraying | 4.30 ± 0.75 μm | An initial burst release (first day) followed by controlled release of SDF-1α over a course of 40 days | Zamani et al., 2015 |
| Osteoporosis | Daidzein | Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) | Microspheres | Electrospraying | 4.8 ± 1.3 μm | A low burst release followed a sustained release to 3 days | Scheithauer et al., 2015 |
| Wound healing | Insulin | Silk fibroin | Microparticles | Coaxial electrospraying | 92.9 ± 25.0 μm | A typical burst release within the first 12 h, followed by a period of stable and continuous release until day 14, and finally a period of low release rates until 40 days | Li et al., 2017c |