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. 2019 Apr 26;6(2):ENEURO.0483-18.2019. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0483-18.2019

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Copyright © 2019 Wang et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 6. — Group results from repeated-measures ANOVA for the effects of geomagnetic stimulation on post-stimulus alpha-power. A, Average alpha-ERD (dB) at electrode Fz in the SWEEP and FIXED conditions of inclination experiments run in active or sham mode. Two-way ANOVA showed an interaction (p < 0.05, N = 29) of inclination rotation (SWEEP vs FIXED) and magnetic stimulation (active vs sham). According to post hoc testing, only inclination sweeps in active mode produced alpha-ERD above background fluctuations in FIXED trials (p < 0.01) or sham mode (p < 0.05). B, Average alpha-ERD (dB) at electrode Fz in the declination experiment with inclination held downwards (DecDn). One-way ANOVA showed a significant main effect of declination rotation (p < 0.001, N = 26). The downwards-directed counterclockwise rotation (DecDn.CCW.N) produced significantly different effects from both the corresponding clockwise rotation (DecDn.CW.N, p < 0.001) and the FIXED control condition (DecDn.FIXED.N, p < 0.001). C, Comparison of the declination rotations with inclination held downwards (DecDn) or upwards (DecUp) in a subset (N = 16 of 26) of participants run in both experiments. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction (p < 0.01) of declination rotation (CCW vs CW vs FIXED) and inclination direction (Dn vs Up). Post hoc testing showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between the DecDn.CCW.N condition and every other condition, none of which were distinct from any other. This is a direct test and rejection of the quantum compass hypothesis. D, Grand average of time-frequency power changes across the 26 participants in the DecDn experiment from B. Black vertical lines indicate the 0- to 100-ms field rotation interval. A post-stimulus drop in alpha-power was observed only following the downwards-directed counterclockwise rotation (left panel). Wider spread of desynchronization reflects interindividual variation. Convolution involved in time/frequency analyses causes the early responses of a few participants to appear spread into the pre-stimulus interval. E, Grand average of time-frequency power changes across the 18 participants with sham data in the declination experiments; no significant power changes were observed.