Table 3. Multivariate Models for Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastasis After Stepwise Forward Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Analyses.
| Variable | HR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Model for Lymphatic Metastasisa | ||
| Age, y | ||
| ≤55 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| >55 | 1.9 (1.2-3.1) | .01 |
| Location | ||
| Trunk or upper or lower extremities | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Head/neck | 1.7 (1.0-2.9) | .04 |
| Acral | 2.4 (1.3-4.5) | .005 |
| Breslow thickness, mm | ||
| ≤1.00 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 1.01-2.00 | 5.1 (2.6-9.8) | <.001 |
| 2.01-4.00 | 8.5 (4.3-16.8) | <.001 |
| >4.00 | 5.4 (2.4-12.4) | <.001 |
| Vascular invasion | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 3.2 (0.9-10.6) | .052 |
| Model 1 for Hematogenous Metastasisb | ||
| Breslow thickness, mm | ||
| ≤1.00 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 1.01-2.00 | 4.2 (1.5-11.9) | .007 |
| 2.01-4.00 | 13.5 (4.8-37.8) | <.001 |
| >4.00 | 10.4 (3.6-29.7) | <.001 |
| Regression | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 0.1 (0.0-1.0) | .06 |
| BRAF status | ||
| Wild-type | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Mutation | 1.9 (1.1-3.6) | .03 |
| TERT promoter status | ||
| Wild-type | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Mutation | 2.9 (1.5-5.7) | .001 |
| Model 2 for Hematogenous Metastasisc | ||
| Breslow thickness, mm | ||
| ≤1.00 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 1.01-2.00 | 3.6 (1.3-9.6) | .01 |
| 2.01-4.00 | 11.1 (4.2-29.4) | <.001 |
| >4.00 | 9.3 (3.5-24.6) | <.001 |
| Regression | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 0.1 (0.02-1.1) | .06 |
| Mutational status | ||
| Wild-type | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| MAPK mutation | 1.8 (0.7-5.1) | .25 |
| TERT promoter mutation | 2.5 (0.9-7.1) | .08 |
| MAPK + TERT promoter mutation | 5.7 (2.2-14.5) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.
a
Variables entered in the model but excluded after stepwise forward Cox proportional hazards regression analysis include sex, ulceration, mitotic rate, regression, BRAF status, and TERT promoter status.
b
Variables entered in the model but excluded after stepwise forward Cox proportional hazards regression analysis include age, sex, location, ulceration, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, mitotic rate, and vascular invasion.
c
Same as model 1 but for mutational status, which was categorized considering the combination of MAPK (BRAF or NRAS) and TERT promoter mutational status.