Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate Cox-Regression Analyses of Factors That May be Associated With 5-Year Overall Survival, Disease-Free Survival, and Lung Cancer–Specific Survival in the Retrospective Analysis of the Lung Cancer Registry.
| Covariates | Overall Survival | Disease-Free Survival | Lung Cancer–Specific Survival | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Univariate Analysis | ||||||
| Age, y | ||||||
| <60 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| ≥60 | 1.05 (0.70-1.59) | .81 | 0.80 (0.57-1.14) | .22 | 0.96 (0.62-1.49) | .85 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1.14 (0.76-1.72) | .53 | 0.95 (0.68-1.32) | .74 | 1.02 (0.67-1.57) | .92 |
| Female | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.69-1.61) | .82 | 0.90 (0.63-1.28) | .56 | 0.94 (0.60-1.47) | .77 |
| Current or former smoking | ||||||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 1.21 (0.81-1.82) | .35 | 0.91 (0.65-1.27) | .58 | 1.11 (0.73-1.69) | .64 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Left lobe | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Right lobe | 1.06 (0.70-1.60) | .79 | 1.08 (0.76-1.53) | .66 | 1.05 (0.68-1.63) | .82 |
| Sequence of vessel ligation | ||||||
| Vein-first | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Artery-first | 1.95 (1.27-2.99) | .002 | 1.76 (1.24-2.49) | .001 | 1.98 (1.26-3.11) | .003 |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||||
| <3 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| ≥3 | 1.83 (1.21-2.75) | .004 | 1.81 (1.29-2.53) | .001 | 1.79 (1.17-2.74) | .008 |
| Histological type | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Nonadenocarcinoma | 1.21 (0.78-1.87) | .39 | 1.01 (0.70-1.46) | .96 | 1.18 (0.75-1.87) | .47 |
| Pathological TNM stage | ||||||
| I | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| II | 2.23 (1.26-3.96) | .006 | 1.75 (1.06-2.91) | .03 | 2.82 (1.55-5.11) | .001 |
| III | 4.02 (2.57-6.30) | <.001 | 4.18 (2.90-6.00) | <.001 | 5.07 (3.14-8.18) | <.001 |
| Postoperative adjuvant therapy | ||||||
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Yes | 1.00 (0.66-1.50) | .99 | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | .49 | 1.14 (0.75-1.75) | .54 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| Sequence of vessel ligation | 1.65 (1.07-2.56) | .03 | 1.43 (1.01-2.04) | .05 | 1.65 (1.04-2.61) | .03 |
| Tumor size ≥3 cm | 1.39 (0.90-2.13) | .14 | 1.51 (1.06-2.15) | .02 | 1.26 (0.81-1.98) | .31 |
| Pathological TNM stage | ||||||
| II | 1.97 (1.09-3.57) | .03 | 1.53 (0.91-2.58) | .11 | 2.57 (1.39-4.77) | .003 |
| III | 3.45 (2.17-5.49) | <.001 | 3.65 (2.50-5.31) | <.001 | 4.45 (2.72-7.29) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.