FIG 5.

In vitro growth characteristics of pfcrt-modified and reference parasite lines. Cocultures consisting of a 1:1 ratio of the GFP^– test strain and a GFP⁺ reporter strain (R^GFP) were initiated at day 0 and were monitored by flow cytometry for 10 generations. The per-generation selection coefficient (s) for each test strain was determined as described in Text S1 and reflects parasite growth compared to Dd2^3D7 parasites, which carry the wild-type (3D7) pfcrt allele (i.e., s = 0 for Dd2^3D7). The bars depict mean plus SEM s values (detailed in Table S6), as determined in three independent assays, conducted in duplicate. Statistical significance between different PfCRT haplotypes was determined against Dd2^3D7 (**, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) or Dd2_R539T^3D7 (##, P < 0.01; ###, P < 0.001) by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc test using GraphPad Prism 7 software.