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. 2013 Jul 21;46(4):374–381. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12047

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(a) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 ( COX ‐2) signalling by NS 398 in Normal fibroblast ( NF s) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts ( CAF s) blocked proliferation of colon cancer epithelial cells. NS 398 (10 μm) was added with or without TNFα (10 ng/ml). NS 398, a specific COX‐2 inhibitor, blocked most paracrine effects induced by TNFα from NFs (a) and CAFs (b) on proliferation of colon cancer epithelial cells (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared to their corresponding controls, n = 4). (B) Inhibition of COX ‐2 signalling by NS 398 in NF s and CAF s attenuated invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. NS 398 (10 μm) was added with or without TNFα (10 ng/ml). As a result, NS 398 also blocked most effects of NFs and CAFs stimulated by TNFα on invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells (n = 4, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 when compared to their corresponding controls, n = 4).