Table 3.

Signs and symptoms associated with RBD

Signs and symptoms	Description	Reference
Reduced heart rate variability	Index of beat to beat variability (RR standard deviation): 24.6 ± 2.2 msec in RBD vs 35.2 ± 3.5 msec in controls (p = 0.006)	(Postuma 2010)
Orthostatic hypotension	Systolic blood pressure drop 15.2 ± 2.1 mm Hg in RBD vs 3.7 ± 2.5 in controls (p = 0.003)	(Postuma, Gagnon et al. 2009)
Small fiber neuropathy	39% in RBD vs 4.5% in controls	(Schrempf, Katona et al. 2016)
Hyposmia	61.1% in RBD vs 16.6% in controls	(Fantini, Postuma et al. 2006) (Postuma, Gagnon et al. 2011)
Constipation	0.13 ± 0.092 constipation symptoms in controls vs 0.73 ± 0.11 in RBD (p < 0.01)	(Postuma, Gagnon et al. 2009)
Depression	28.8% in RBD vs 17.5% in controls (control subjects in this study were healthy and those with other sleep disorders)	(Frauscher, Jennum et al. 2014) (Vilas, Iranzo et al. 2015)
Cognitive dysfunction	43.7% impaired in visuospatial constructional tests in RBD; 82.3% impaired in visuospatial learning test in RBD MCI in 35% in RBD	(Ferini-Strambi, Di Gioia et al. 2004) (Terzaghi, Zucchella et al. 2013) (Youn, Kim et al. 2016)
Color vision impairment	Greater at baseline in individuals with RBD who subsequently developed neurodegenerative disease vs those who did not: adjusted Farnsworth Munsell −100 scores 153.0 ± 83.2 vs 129.1 ± 62 (p = 0.22)	(Postuma, Gagnon et al. 2011)
Subtle parkinsonian signs	Mean UPDRS score 6.0 ± 1.0 in RBD vs 3.0 ± 0.16 in controls (p = 0.023); 7/25 with RBD had detectable bradykinesia UPDRS part III (motor) score 5.8 ± 0.64 in RBD vs 2.70 ± 0.5 in controls (p < 0.001)	(Postuma, Lang et al. 2006) (Postuma, Gagnon et al. 2009) (Postuma, Lang et al. 2012)