Table 2.
Previously used tissue‐engineered bypass conduits
| Scaffold/ mandrel | ECM | Cells | Peptides | Patency | Researcher |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine SIS & Col. | None | Heparin | 100% ≤ 90/7 | (Huynh et al. 1999) | |
| Porcine/Dog SIS | None | None | ≥ 75% ≤ 5 year | (Lantz et al. 1993) | |
| Decell. porcine aorta | MyoFB & EC 2 × 106/cm length | None | Not assessed | (Bader et al. 2000) | |
| Decell. porcine iliac vessel | EPC: confluent layer | None | 100% ≤ 130/7 | (Kaushal et al. 2001) | |
| Decell. bovine ureter | None | None | 100% ≤ 10/12 | (Clarke et al. 2001) | |
| Decell. porcine carotid | None | Heparin | 100% ≤ 67/7 | (Conklin et al. 2002) | |
| PGA | None | SMC: 5 × 106/ml EC: 3 × 106/ml | None | 100% ≤ 24/7 | (Niklason et al. 1999) |
| PGA‐PHA | None | 106/cm2 mixed SMC, EC & FB | None | 100% ≤ 150/7 | (Shum‐Tim et al. 1999) |
| PU | None | 2 × 106/cm2 SMC | None | 92% ≤ 1/52 | (Yue et al. 1988) |
| PTFE | Peritoneum | None | 80% ≤ 21/7 | (Sparks et al. 2002) | |
| Dacron | Col. | 0.2–30 × 105 SMC/ml & 105 EC/cm2 | ± FN | N/A | (Weinberg & Bell 1986) (Baguneid et al. 2004) |
| PU/Dacron | Col. + dermatan sulphate | 6.6 × 105 EC/cm2 ± 7.5–20 × 105/ml SMC ± 7.5 × 105/ml FB | None | 75–100% 16–26/52 | (Miwa et al. 1993a; Miwa & Matsuda 1994; Ishibashi et al. 1996) |
| PU | Col. | EPC | None | 92% ≤ 3/12 | (He et al. 2003) |
| PU | None | SMC & EC | None | 100% ≤ 4/52 | (Ratcliffe 2000) |
| ST | ECM + MyoFB & mesothelial cells secondary to inflammatory reaction | None | 67% ≤ 4/12 | (Campbell et al. 1999) | |
| Fascia‐wrapped ST | Protamine & heparin | 73% ≤ 8/52 | (Tsukagoshi et al. 1999) | ||
| PTFE | None | SMC & FB sheets ± EC | None | 50% ≤ 1/52 | (L’heureux et al. 1998) |
| Glass | Col. | FB: 106/ml & EC: 25 × 103/cm2 | None | N/A | (Berglund et al. 2003) |
| Glass + mesh | Col. | 5–15 × 105/ml SMC & 4 × 105 EC/cm2 | None | 64–100% ≤ 6/12 | (Hirai and Matsuda 1996; Kobashi and Matsuda 1999a; He and Matsuda 2002a) |
Col., collagen; Decell., decellularized; EC, endothelial cells; FB, fibroblasts; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate; PU, polyurethane; SIS, small intestinal submucosa; SMC, smooth muscle cells; ST, silicone tube.
Timing: x/7 = x days; y/52 = y weeks; z/12 = z months; year = years.