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. 2009 Jul 13;42(5):571–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00625.x

Figure 4.

Figure 4

  Amyloid beta (Aβ) enriched for oligomeric and fibrillar species have differential affects on neuronal differentiation. To test the effect of the state of aggregation of Aβ on neuronal differentiation, we prepared aggregated Aβ (Aβ42A/Aβ40A) and Aβ enriched for soluble oligomeric (Aβ42o/Aβ40o) and fibrillar forms (Aβ42f/Aβ40f). (a) Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) treated with 5 µm aggregated forms (Aβ42A, Aβ40A) showed an increase in neuronal cell number as previously demonstrated in Fig. 1. Soluble oligomeric forms (5 µm) of Aβ42o but not Aβ40o similarly produced a significant increase in neuronal cell number. Insoluble Aβ42f/Aβ40f produced no significant change in percentage of neurons compared to control. (b) To confirm that this was not a non‐specific effect on non‐neuronal cells, the increase in neuronal numbers with aggregated forms (Aβ42A, Aβ40A), soluble oligomeric (Aβ42 o/Aβ40 o) and insoluble fibrillar forms (Aβ42f/Aβ40f) was assessed using another neuronal marker, NeuN. Graphs show mean ± SEM from one representative of four different experiments done in quadruplicate. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.0001, relative to control.