Real‐time RT‐PCR and telomerase assay of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) from OA and NOA over long‐term culture. (A) Expression level of germ‐cell markers in spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) from OA and NOA during long‐term culture. (1) Non‐selected cells (MACS‐negative), (2) selected cells (MACS‐positive), (3) SSC at P2 (day 15), (4) SSC at P5 (day 70), (5) SSC at P7 (day 100). Integrin α6 (spermatogonia); c‐Kit (differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes); transition protein (TP)‐1 (spermatids). (B) Telomerase activity in spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) during long‐term culture. Left panel shows positive and negative controls for telomerase activity. Human embryonic stem cell line (CHA‐hES‐6, P59) used as positive control. Negative control – no template. Middle panel, SSCs from obstructive azoospermia (OA). Right panel, SSCs from non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). **Significant difference (P < 0.05).