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Flow cytometric analysis of germ cell‐specific markers (GFR α‐1, integrin α6, integrin β1 and c‐Kit) during long‐term culture. (A) Obstructive azoospermia (OA). (B) Non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA); GFR α ‐1, integrin α6 and integrin β1 for spermatogonia; c‐Kit for spermatocyte (differentiated spermatogonial stem cells); green (FITC) or red (APC) or pink (PE) line, specific antibody; black line, control immunoglobulin.
