Figure 4.

The interaction between FGF and TGF‐β acts on EMT. TGF‐β induces EMT and the isoform switching of FGF receptors (FGFR2b to FGFR1c), causing the cells to be sensitive to FGF‐2. In this context, epithelial–myofibroblastic transition (EMyoT) is induced through the inactivation of MEK‐ERK pathway. In the presence of FGF‐2, FGF‐2 perturbed EMyoT by reactivating MEK–ERK pathway and subsequently enhanced EMT through the formation of dEF1–ZEB1–CtBP1 complexes. FGF‐10 may also induce EMT by activating RAS–MAPK and AKT–PI3K–mTOR pathways